Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternative to traditional tobacco cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students from Central and Eastern Europe and to investigate personal characteristics associated with cigarette and e-cigarette smoking. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was performed between 2017–2018 among university students in five European countries: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia. The questionnaire included 46 questions related to the frequency and habits of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes use. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 14,352 students (8800 medical; aged 20.9 ± 2.4 years) with an overall response rate of 72.2%. Two-thirds of the respondents had smoked a traditional tobacco cigarette and 43.7% had used an e-cigarette. Overall current smoking status included 12.3% traditional cigarette smokers, 1.1% e-cigarette users, and 1.8% were dual users with the remainder being non-smokers. Smoking status differed between the research centres (p < 0.001). Females were less likely to try either cigarettes (OR = 0.83) or e-cigarettes (OR = 0.62) and were less likely to be current cigarette (OR = 0.64), e-cigarette (OR = 0.34), or dual users (OR = 0.33) than males. Perception of e-cigarettes significantly differed between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.001). Among university students, cigarettes are more popular than e-cigarettes.

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Our aim is to assess the smoking cessation and vaping cessation activity, including quit attempts and willingness to quit among university students in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as to investigate personal characteristics associated with smoking cessation and vaping cessation attempts. Data were collected by questionnaire which included 46 questions on cigarette and e-cigarette use. Questionnaires were obtained from 14,352 university students (aged 20.9 ± 2.4 years; cooperation rate of 72.2%). For the purposes of this analysis, only data from exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 1716), exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 129), and dual users (216) were included. Of all cigarette smokers, 51.6% had previously tried to quit smoking and 51.5% declared a willingness to quit cigarette smoking in the near future. Among all e-cigarette users only 13.9% had ever tried to quit using the e-cigarette and 25.2% declared a willingness to give up using e-cigarette in the near future. The majority of the group did not use pharmacotherapy to quit cigarette (87.5%) or e-cigarette (88.9%) use. Our results indicate that while most university students have some desire to quit conventional smoking, those who use e-cigarettes do not have the same desire.

Background. In the Soviet period, people came to work in the Far North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Now they are retired. Remaining retired in the North is not economically feasible. Resettlement of unemployed elderly people to the more favorable southern climatic zones of central Siberia is connected with a demographic situation. For families 60+ years old, the "From the Extreme North to the South" program was created. The article presents the results of studies on the psychoemotional state of migrants 60+ years old. Objectives. To study the psychoemotional state of patients 60+ years old with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency when adapting from the North to the south. Material and methods. 98 migrants from the North to the South were examined. These were people with a chronic insufficiency of brain blood circulation at the age of 60+ years old. Patients were tested utilizing the G. Eysenck and A.S. Zigmond, R.P. Snaith. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results. Various types of personality were revealed: extroverts -60.2% (59 people), introverts -39.8% (39 people). Emotionally stable migrants 60+ years old -25.5% (28 people). Emotionally unstable -74.5% (70 people). The sociability combination with impulsiveness was characteristic with a high level of emotional instability (17.27 ± 0.26 points). At very high level (19.5 ± 0.31 points), low self-esteem and an emotional block were revealed. Conclusions. 1. Emotionally stable migrants 60+ years old readapt fairly. 2. High and very high levels of neuroticism demonstrate the formation of anxiety disorders and restriction of adaptive opportunities in migrants 60+ years old. Treatment and prophylactic actions are provided to them. Key words: Original Input (length: 6766), potential of elderly migrants, social networks of elderly migrants: on the basis of familial and intra-ethnic support. Summary

Цель. Выявить и проанализировать особенности инклюзивного подхода в интегрированной медико-социальной помощи пожилым людям в рамках концептуальных моделей преодоления геронтологического эйджизма в разных странах. Результаты. Проанализированы результаты актуальных отечественных и зарубежных исследований по проблеме преодоления возрастной дискриминаци, выявлены пять концептуальных моделей социальной инклюзии (социально-экологическая, интеракционистская, ресурсно-потенциальная, модели социального пространства и социального участия), раскрыто их сущностное содержание и возможности применения в реальной социальной практике работы с пожилыми людьми. Заключение. Инклюзивный подход при решении проблемы преодоления геронтологического эйджизма в работе с пожилыми людьми в разных странах находит свое отражение в наличии разнообразных концептуальных интегрированных моделей. Их выявление и анализ содержания свидетельствует об актуализации социально-политических и организационных задач по раскрытию, усилению личностного потенциала пожилых людей, по обеспечению доступности социальной и пространственной среды проживания. Полученные результаты компаративистского анализа свидетельствует о необходимости и возможности применения инклюзивного подхода в интегрированной медико-социальной помощи пожилым людям для улучшения качества их жизни.