Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, cultured adult stem cells which secrete a complex set of multiple soluble biologically active molecules such as chemokines, and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, lipid mediators, interleukins (IL), growth factors (GFs), hormones, micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), exosomes, as well as microvesicles, the secretome. MSCs of various origin, including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESCs), may be good candidates for obtaining secretome-derived products. Different population of MSCs can secret different factors which could have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic activities, a neuroprotective effect, could improve bone, muscle, liver regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, the paracrine activity of conditioned medium obtained when cultivating MSCs, due to a plethora of bioactive factors, was assumed to have the most prominent cell-free therapeutic impact and can serve as a better option in the field of regenerative medicine in future.
The composite polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)/β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA) was designed to ensure efficient bone tissue bioengineering. It was synthesized using microwave radiation and hydrothermal conditions. Polymer scaffolds were produced using an electrospinning method. PLGA had ratio of monomers-80/20. The aim of this investigation is to study the osteoinductive properties of newly sintezed scaffolds. Osteoinductive properties were revealed by assessing the appearance of differentiation markers in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during in vitro growth on the scaffolds. The non-transformed human MSCs line-FetMSC was used. Real-time PCR revealed the increasing of Runx2 and YAP1 expression on 14 days after cultivation human FetMSCs on PLGA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds. By means of fluorescence microscopy it was shown that transcription factors Runx2, Osterix and YAP1 expression was higher with the growth of cells on the PLGA/HA/β-TCP composite scaffolds than in negative control and increased in the process of culture of cells during 14 days. Calcification was revealed histochemically using staining by Alizarin red in cells which were grown on the surfaces of both types of PLGA scaffolds in basal medium at the 28th day of cultivation. On the PLGA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds staining was detected earlier (at the 21st day). Osteoinductive activity of PLGA/HA/β-TCP composite scaffolds is considered to be established.
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