Combining the flexible carcass beam and the radial sidewall element, flexible beam on elastic foundation with combined sidewall stiffness tire model is proposed for heavy-loaded off-road tire with a large section ratio. The circumferential vibration of flexible carcass is modeled as Euler beam and the influence of inflation pressure on the circumferential vibration of flexible carcass is investigated with the modal experiment and theoretical modeling. The structural stiffness caused by the sidewall curvature and pretension stiffness caused by the inflation pressure is combined for the radial sidewall element. The influence of the sidewall structural parameters on the combined stiffness of sidewall and modal resonant frequency is researched and discussed. The nonlinear combined stiffness of sidewall is investigated with respect to the radial sidewall deformation. Experimental and theoretical results show that: (1) the combined stiffness of sidewall can character the pretension stiffness caused by inflation pressure and the structural stiffness led by the sidewall curvature and material properties and (2) the combined stiffness of sidewall is nonlinear with respect to the radial sidewall deformation, which is prominent with high inflation pressure. Taking the flexibility characteristic of tire carcass and the nonlinear stiffness of sidewall into consideration, flexible beam on elastic foundation with combined sidewall stiffness tire model is suitable for the heavy-loaded off-road tire with a large section ratio or tires under impulsive loading and large deformation.
After the workpiece is processed, the barrel mill is widely used as a burr removal device. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of burr removal and enhance the polishing effect on the surface of the workpiece, the conventional roller grinder is improved in design, and the continuous batch grinding method is used instead of the conventional batch grinding method, and the automatic workpiece transfer device is added after the end of the grinding. , thereby increasing the grinding efficiency. Using SolidWorks software, three-dimensional solid modeling and virtual prototype assembly were carried out on the feeding device, grinding device and conveying device. The static analysis of the roller bracket was carried out by ANSYS Workbench software, and the rationality of the design was verified. The results show that the burr removal rate is increased by 10%~20% compared with the traditional grinding machine, and the surface roughness is improved by 1~2, which improves the production efficiency to a certain extent.
The Algeria North-South Expressway from Chiffa to Berrouaghia is located in Blida province and Médéa province in northern Algeria. It is the starting section of Algeria North-South Expressway in the Algeria national arterial highway networks composed of two latitudinal and one longitudinal highway. As an important part of the main highway skeleton in Algeria, the expressway from Chiffa to Berrouaghia is responsible for the main function of traffic conversion between plateau and coastal areas in the country. The project is mostly located in ridges and mountains with large terrain undulating, so the slopes of highway of partial sections are very steep. There are many similarities and differences between Chinese and Algerian highway design specifications or engineering practices in treating steep embankment problems. This paper introduced the main similarities and differences in treating steep embankment problems in China and Algeria, and emphatically introduced the techniques of slide-resistant shovel for treatment of steep slope embankment in Algeria North-South Expressway project. Definition of Steep Embankments There are technical specifications about steep embankments in Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades (JTG D30-2015) in China. When the slope rate of ground exceeds 1:5 (11.3°),
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