No abstract

Background: Increase in lactate (LAC) within the central nervous system after head trauma is an established marker of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective: To investigate the utility of arterial base deficit (BD) and LAC in identifying TBI in patients with isolated head injury (IHI). Materials and methods: TBI was defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (8, head Abbreviated Injury Severity Score .2 or brain haematoma on CT scan. Patients were divided into two groups: IHI with and without TBI. Data were reported as means (SDs). 131 patients with IHI were studied (mean (SD) age 39 (19) years, 78% male). Results: 17% of the patients sustained TBI. The mean differences for arterial BD (0.65 mmol/l, 95% CI 20.8 to 2.1) and LAC (0.34 mmol/l, 95% CI 20.7 to1.4) in patients with and without TBI were not significant. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that arterial BD and LAC were unable to detect TBI in patients with IHI. Conclusion: Arterial BD and LAC are poor predictors of TBI in isolated head trauma.

The article focuses on the analysis of the innovative component of the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road” and its positioning as a “Digital Silk Road”. The Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road” as its practical implementation demonstrates its new features and peculiarities. The article analyses the practice of introducing new technologies into production in Chinese enterprises, as well as interaction with Russian and Kazakhstan companies. The article is based on the problem-factual principle of presentation of the material using the method of factor analysis of information obtained in the course of economic and statistical data collection and processing. The primary sources used in the present article are mainly the original works of Chinese authors, as well as publications in Russian scientific journals and the media. Electronic commerce, as well as several new technologies used on the routes of the new silk road like the Internet, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, blockchain, are becoming a basis of new Silk Road. The transition to the digitalisation of the new Silk Road is determined by the significant achievements of China in the development of electronic commerce, artificial intelligence, FinTech. The concept of digitalisation includes the main imperatives of the “Fourth industrial revolution”, which are beginning to be introduced along the routes of the economic belt of the Silk Road.