Background Many studies reported the association between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but it is still unclear which bacterial genus plays a key role and how the metabolic function of gut microbiota changes in the occurrence and development of T2D. Besides, there is a high diabetic prevalence in Mongolian population, which may be partly affected by their high calorie diet. This study identified the main bacterial genus influencing T2D in Mongolian population, and analyzed the changes of metabolic function of gut microbiome. The association between dietary factors and the relative abundance of main bacterial genus and its metabolic function was also studied. Methods Dietary surveys and gut microbiota test were performed on 24 Mongolian volunteers that were divided into T2D (6 cases), PRET2D (6 cases) and Control group (12 cases) according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values. The relative abundance and metabolic function of gut microbiome from their fecal samples were measured by metagenomic analysis. Statistic method was used to evaluate the association between dietary factors and the relative abundance of the main bacterial genus or its metabolic function. Results This study found that the Clostridium genus may be one of the key bacterial genera affecting the process of T2D. First, the relative abundance of Clostridium genus was significantly different among the three groups. Second, there was a higher relative abundance of metabolic enzymes of gut bacteria in PRET2D and T2D group than that in Control group. Third, a strong correlation between Clostridium genus and many metabolic enzymes was uncovered, many of which may be produced by the Clostridium. Last, carotene intake daily was negatively correlated with the Clostridium but positively correlated with tagaturonate reductase catalyzing interconversions of pentose and glucuronate. Conclusions The gut Clostridium genus may play an important role in the development of T2D and it could be a potential biomarker for T2D in Mongolian population. Meanwhile, the metabolic function of gut bacteria has changed during the early stage of T2D and the changes in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid or energy metabolism of Clostridium genus may play a critical role. In addition, the carotene intake may affect reproduction and metabolic function of Clostridium genus.
In practice, adsorbents such as 13X have strong hydrophilicity due to their low Si/Al ratio, and the competitive adsorption between vapour and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) often impairs the actual removal effect of VOCs on the adsorbents. In the present work, 13X was modified using CTAB as a templating agent and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica source, and a core-shell composites with 13X core and a mesoporous silica shell named as 13X@SiO2 was therefore synthesized. The adsorption performance of the as-prepared core-shell composites samples was tested by using toluene as a probe molecule under different humidity conditions on a penetration experimental device, and compared with that of the pristine 13X. The results show that the adsorption capacity of sample 13X@SiO2-2.6(2.6 mL TEOS added in the preparation) was about 18% higher than that of 13X original sample under dry conditions. At 30% and 50% relative humidity, the optimum adsorption capacity of 13X@SiO2 was increased by about 53% and 90%, respectively. In order to test the stability and reusability of the adsorbents, twice regeneration of sample 13X@SiO2-2.6 treated for 2 h in situ desorption at 350°C were performed, and the result showed that regenerated sample 13X@SiO2-2.6 still retained 90% of the original toluene adsorption capacity.
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