This paper focuses on how peritexts function in communicating a picturebook's narration and what impact they have on reading comprehension or interpretation. Based on modern narratological theory and research findings of metanarration, this study analyses the metanarrative function of peritexts in three picturebooks: Chester by Mélanie Watt, Black and White by David Macaulay, and Keine Angst vor gar Nichts by Gudrun Likar with illustrations by Manuela Olten. The findings of this study reveal that peritexts in picturebooks display metanarration at both a verbal and a visual level; they reflect the act or process of narration, highlight the book's narrative features, and affect the reader's reception of the picturebook.
The energy flow analysis (EFA) method is developed to predict the energy density of a high damping beam with constant axial force in the high-frequency range. The energy density and intensity of the beam are associated with high structural damping loss factor and axial force and introduced to derive the energy transmission equation. For high damping situation, the energy loss equation is derived by considering the relationship between potential energy and total energy. Then, the energy density governing equation is obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the EFA approach is validated by comparing the EFA results with the modal solutions for various frequencies and structural damping loss factors. The effects of structural damping loss factor and axial force on the energy density distribution are also discussed in detail.
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