Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), as a biodegradable semicrystalline thermoplastic, is usually blended with degradable poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to improve toughness for the sake of environmental concerns. To obtain controllable properties of PLA/PBAT composites, the use of nanoparticles is increasing from a technical point of view, thus making the blends more widely used in the final products. In this study, immiscible blends of PLA and PBAT (70/30 wt%) and PLA/PBAT with different carbon nanotube (CNT) contents (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The preferential distribution of CNTs in the PBAT phase was characterized by SEM and thermodynamic analysis, and reason for selective localization is discussed. The morphology of the PLA/PBAT composite showed PBAT particles dispersed within the PLA matrix with an average diameter of 0.38 μm. For the nanocomposites, the CNTs in the minor PBAT phase produced larger elongated PBAT domains with a maximum average diameter of 1.3 μm. The elongation at break of binary PLA/PBAT blends was 160.9%, while the maximum elongation at break of the nanocomposite was 294.3%. Additionally, the influence of CNTs on the crystallization behavior and rheological and mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT/CNT blends was systematically investigated.carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, PLA/PBAT blends, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties | INTRODUCTIONPolylactic acid (PLA), as one of the most promising biodegradable and recyclable polymers, has been extensively studied. [1][2][3] Recently, PLA products have been promoted to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), due to their sustainability, eco-efficiency and high stiffness. [4,5] However, the ductility and toughness of PLA are far from satisfactory from the technological view of producing more widely used final products. Blending PLA with elastomers and/or softer polymers is deemed an economically viable way to modulate the properties. [6][7][8] Considering environmental friendliness, biobased or degradable materials are preferred, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-Zhihua Xiao and Guili Li contributed equally to this work and are considered as co-first authors.
Abstract. Water environment capacity calculation is the foundation of basin environment management. Due to lack of basic materials and data, the water environment capacity in small basin was not massively researched with appropriate calculating method. This paper mentioned a water capacity calculating method suitable for environment management. The method was based on the study of Xuchang Section of Qingyi River and described with details as follows: Xuchang Section was divided into four control units with GIS technology. The river pollution loads of non-point source pollutants from farmland runoff, rural life, livestock and poultry were calculated with the in-site and statistical data of pollution resource. Meanwhile the calculated river pollution loads of non-point / point source pollutants were statistically analyzed on the basis of control units. Then a water quality module was tested and verified, in which the predicted value tallied with the measured value. The parameter of this water quality module corresponds to the in-site data within relative error ±14%. This module was used to estimate and calculate water environment capacity. With this module the available water environment capacity of each control unit and pollutant reduction amount can be earned through deducting the river pollutant load of point pollutant. The results showed that the utilized method in this paper can satisfy the requirement for the calculating accuracy of small basin water environment capacity.
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