Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. With time it becomes uncontrollable and invites other complex metabolic diseases. The propensity of the people for this disease is age independent. However, sirtuins, which get activate typically during calorie restriction plays a pivotal role in optimizing effect of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Among different sirtuin homologs, some of the sirtuins are known for regulating pathophysiology of diabetic condition. Still the role of other sirtuins in understanding the function and regulatory mechanism in DM is still emerging. In this review, we focused on recent studies which help us to understand about the role of sirtuins and how they regulate the pathophysiology in diabetic condition.

Sirtuins, NAD + dependent proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases, are involved in regulating numerous cellular processes including cellular stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins present in humans, Sirt6 is an essential nuclear sirtuin. Until recently, Sirt6 was thought to regulate chromatin silencing, but new research indicates its role in aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Various murine models demonstrate that Sirt6 activation is beneficial in alleviating many disease conditions and increasing lifespan, showing that Sirt6 is a critical therapeutic target in the treatment of various disease conditions in humans. Sirt6 also regulates the pathogenesis of multiple diseases by acting on histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Endogenous and non-endogenous modulators regulate both activation and inhibition of Sirt6. Few Sirt6 specific non-endogenous modulators have been identified. Hence the identification of Sirt6 specific modulators may have potential therapeutic roles in the diseases described above. In this review, we describe the development of Sirt6, the role it plays in the human condition, the functional role and therapeutic importance in disease processes, and specific modulators and molecular mechanism of Sirt6 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.

Sexual dysfunction is one of the major concerns of modern societal life. Infertility is one among them that affects up to 12% of males with a prominent reason, loss in sexual desire that affects 8.9% to 68.7% population (Lotti & Maggi, 2018). Many factors attribute to male infertility namely change in lifestyle, increasing paternal ages, malnutrition, obesity, stress, smoking, inappropriate drug use, consumption of alcohol and caffeine, etc. (Johnson, Petty, & Neaves, 1984). These factors directly or indirectly affect not only the sexual behavioural profile but also decrease sperm count and deteriorate the quality of spermatozoon. The sexual behavioural changes namely genital reflexes, copulatory patterns and specifically sexual motivation are elicited mainly due to dopamine in the medial preoptic area in the rostral hypothalamus (Hull, Muschamp, & Sato, 2004). Therefore, a good neurotransmitter modulator may greatly improve the sexual health that can be achieved by controlling the lifestyle modification and inclusion of natural products from the dietary sources that can increase the dopamine levels. Beside central control by the neurotransmitter, smooth muscle contraction in corpus cavernosum muscles peripherally also plays an