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Introduction In the Netherlands, the bicycle plays an important in station access and, to a lesser extent, in station egress. There is however fairly little knowledge in the potential effects of bicycle-train integration policies. The aim of this paper is to examine the impacts of bicycle-train integration policies on train ridership and job accessibility for public transport users. Methods We extended the Dutch National Transport Model (NVM) by implementing a detailed bicycle network linked to the public transport network, access/egress mode combinations and station specific access and egress penalties by mode and station type derived from a stated choice survey. Furthermore, the effects of several bicycletrain integration policy scenarios were examined for a case study for Randstad South, in the Netherlands, comprising a dense train network with 54 train stations. Conclusions Our analysis shows that improving the quality of bicycle routes and parking can substantially increase train ridership and potential job accessibility for train users. Large and medium stations are more sensitive to improvements in bicycle-train integration policies, while small stations are more sensitive to improvements in the train level of service. Keywords Public transport accessibility. Bicycle-train integration. Bicycle parking. Stated choice experiment This article is part of Topical Collection on Accessibility and Policy Making

This paper describes an examination of people's preferences regarding a wide range of flexible and demand-responsive adaptive transport services in the Netherlands. We used a stated choice experiment, which included a set of attributes, such as access to the service, schedule, window of departure and arrival time, travel costs and travel time. Four mixed logit models were estimated based on a dataset of 3,632 observations (454 respondents). Various service attributes were found to have a significant influence on the potential of alternatives, including fixed stops and a wide time window (valued negatively) and door-to-door transport and unscheduled transport (valued positively). In addition, attitudes towards conventional and modern service types were relevant determinants for the potential uptake of ATS. In particular, having a positive attitude towards public transport was found to increase the likelihood of using stop-based (defined mobility) services. Finally, our results reveal that existing public transport users displayed a greater willingness to use flexible public transport alternatives, whereas car drivers were more inclined to use car-and ride-sharing services.

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This paper examines the impact of the perception of bicycle infrastructure on the choice of the bicycle as a feeder mode to access train stations in the Netherlands. The latent factors act in addition to traditional travel time and cost variables, describing the quality of cycling infrastructure at and around railway stations. The analysis is based on a large scale revealed and stated preference survey in the wider metropolitan area of The Hague and Rotterdam (n ¼ 1524). Hybrid choice models for access feeder mode choice were estimated, where the attitude toward cycling to affected the users' perception of the cycling infrastructure, which in turn affected the utility of cycling. The results show that both the quality of cycling infrastructure and latent factors, describing the perceived quality of cycling infrastructure, station connectivity and the general attitude toward cycling, have a significant impact on cycling to the station. The effect of the travel time and cost characteristics on access mode choice significantly changes depending on the perception of the quality of the infrastructure, as well as the attitude toward cycling and frequency of train use. Bicycle parking cost and distance to the platform is the most critical observed factor influencing bicycle access choice to the train stations.

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