• Descriptive birthweight standards possess low sensitivity in detecting growth restricted infants at risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. • Prescriptive standards could improve identification of very preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants at risk of intraventricular haemorrhage. What is New: • Prescriptive standards identify more preterm and term SGA infants at risk of major adverse neonatal outcomes. • Late preterm and term SGA infants classified according to the prescriptive standard are at increased risk of minor adverse neonatal outcomes with potentially harmful implications.
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