Background and ObjectivesThe neuropsychological exam plays a central role in the assessment of elderly patients with cognitive complaints. It is particularly relevant to differentiate patients with mild dementia from those subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Formal education is a critical factor in neuropsychological performance; however, there are few studies that evaluated the psychometric properties, especially criterion related validity, neuropsychological tests for patients with low formal education. The present study aims to investigate the validity of an unstructured neuropsychological assessment protocol for this population and develop cutoff values for clinical use.Methods and ResultsA protocol composed by the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Frontal Assessment Battery, Category and Letter Fluency, Stick Design Test, Clock Drawing Test, Digit Span, Token Test and TN-LIN was administered to 274 older adults (96 normal aging, 85 mild cognitive impairment and 93 mild Alzheimer`s disease) with predominantly low formal education. Factor analysis showed a four factor structure related to Executive Functions, Language/Semantic Memory, Episodic Memory and Visuospatial Abilities, accounting for 65% of explained variance. Most of the tests showed a good sensitivity and specificity to differentiate the diagnostic groups. The neuropsychological protocol showed a significant ecological validity as 3 of the cognitive factors explained 31% of the variance on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.ConclusionThe study presents evidence of the construct, criteria and ecological validity for this protocol. The neuropsychological tests and the proposed cutoff values might be used for the clinical assessment of older adults with low formal education.

Postpartum depression is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies. Its prevalence is estimated to be between 10% and 15%. Despite its multifactorial etiology, it is known that genetics play an important role in the genesis of this disorder. This paper reviews epidemiological evidence supporting the role of genetics in postpartum depression (PPD). The main objectives of this review are to determine which genes and polymorphisms are associated with PPD and discuss how this association may occur. In addition, this paper explores whether these genes are somehow related to or even the same as those linked to Major Depression (MD). To identify gaps in the current knowledge that require investigation, a systematic review was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, LILACS and SciELO using the index terms "postpartum depression" and "genetics". Literature searches for articles in peer-reviewed journals were made until April 2014. PPD was indexed 56 times with genetics. The inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese, Spanish or English that were available by institutional means or sent by authors upon request; this search resulted in 20 papers. Genes and polymorphisms traditionally related to MD, which are those involved in the serotonin, catecholamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tryptophan metabolism, have been the most studied, and some have been related to PPD. The results are conflicting and some depend on epigenetics, which makes the data incipient. Further studies are required to determine the genes that are involved in PPD and establish the nature of the relationship between these genes and PPD.

The Tower of London (TOL) is used for evaluating planning skills, which is a component of the executive functions. Different versions and scoring criteria were developed for this task, and some of them present with different psychometrical properties. This study aimed to evaluate two specific scoring methods of the TOL in diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and probable Alzheimer's disease. The TOL total scores from 60 patients of each diagnosis were compared with the performance of 60 healthy-aged controls using receiver operating characteristics analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Krikorian method better diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, while Portellas's was better at discriminating healthy controls from Mild Cognitive Impairment, but were not efficient at comparing this last group with Alzheimer's patients. Regression analysis indicates that in addition to screening tests, TOL improves the classification of the three groups. The results suggest the two scoring methods used for this task may be useful for different diagnostic purposes.

Objective: The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, which is used to evaluate learning and memory, is a widely recognized tool in the general literature on neuropsychology. This paper aims at presenting the performance of Brazilian adult subjects on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, and was written after we published a previous study on the performance of Brazilian elderly subjects on this same test. Method: A version of the test, featuring a list of high-frequency one-syllable and two-syllable concrete Portuguese substantives, was developed. Two hundred and forty-three (243) subjects from both genders were allocated to 6 different age groups (20-24; 25-29; 30-34; 35-44; 45-54 and 55-60 years old). They were then tested using the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Results: Performance on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test showed a positive correlation with educational level and a negative correlation with age. Women performed significantly better than men. When applied across similar age ranges, our results were similar to those recorded for the English version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the adaptation of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test to Brazilian Portuguese is appropriate and that it is applicable to Brazilian subjects for memory capacity evaluation purposes and across similar age groups and educational levels. (20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-44, 45-54 e 55-60 anos) Descriptors

Este artigo analisa os enunciados relativos à maternidade que configuram o que chamamos de "norma" da maternidade. Seguimos as reflexões de Foucault, principalmente no que se refere à genealogia como forma de pensar o presente. Utilizamos o relato das trajetórias de mulheres que são mães e trabalhadoras para a produção dos materiais de análise. Os materiais possibilitaram a problematização de alguns enunciados que constituem a maternidade na contemporaneidade. Descrevemos a intensificação do investimento em um padrão de mulher mãe que tem como produto uma norma da maternidade. Essa norma da maternidade, apesar de ser produzida socialmente, passa a ser naturalizada. Ela funciona associando algumas características a um modo de ser mãe considerado mais adequado, tais como tempo e idade certos para ser mãe, número de filhos, condições financeiras. A partir dela, outros modos de ser mãe são avaliados e hierarquizados.

Introduction: The preservation of oral comprehension in the elderly is correlated with the preservation of their cognitive functions. Oral comprehension is a key feature for communication and its evaluation allows for the identification of more specific cognitive deficits, in addition to facilitating the development of more effective, early intervention strategies. Objective: Provide contemporary standards for the use of an instrument to assess oral comprehension, the Token Test, in a sample of healthy seniors. Method: A sample of 120 patients (76 women) with mean age of 71.1 years and 6.9 years of formal education, was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination to identify the existence of cognitive impairment, and the Token Test to assess oral comprehension. Results: There were significant correlations (p < 0.01) between the token test scores for education and age, which accounted for 5% and 21% of shared variance, respectively. These two variables were considered on the normative data tables. Discussion: The data obtained indicate that the standards provided here are sufficiently representative. This study identifies the need for future studies comparing the Token Test performance in elderly people either healthy or in the process of cognitive decline.

O cenário da pandemia de COVID-19 representa um desafio sem precedentes para a sociedade. Em que pese a importância das medidas imediatas visando à prevenção da propagação da doença, cuidados com os indivíduos acometidos e medidas para minimizar os impactos econômicos e sociais, a abordagem de temas relacionados à saúde mental da população em geral é também crucial. As contribuições interdisciplinares relacionadas à saúde mental envolvem a compreensão dos mecanismos cognitivos e comportamentais que sustentam hábitos, atitudes e crenças. Essa compreensão é fundamental para maximizar a eficácia das estratégias que implicam em mudanças significativas na forma de comportar, conceber e planejar atividades quotidianas. O presente artigo discute abordagens da psiquiatria, psicologia e ciências relacionadas no manejo de questões relacionadas à mudança de comportamento, hábitos de nutrição e atividade física, trabalho e grupos etários vulneráveis.

RESUMOTemos como objetivo neste artigo colocar em questão a responsabilização paterna, foco de algumas ações políticas. Em especial, tomamos em análise ações desenvolvidas no Rio Grande do Sul que objetivam, através da promoção da "Paternidade Responsável", um modo de prevenção da criminalidade. O objetivo é compreender como se constroem as argumentações que legitimam o investimento na figura paterna, sobretudo, o direcionamento em relação ao que é ser um pai "responsável". Focamos quatro pontos para a compreensão dessas ações: 1. a emergência do pai como objeto de investimentos; 2. a construção da relação causal entre ausência paterna e criminalidade; 3. os significados associados à responsabilidade, e 4. as imagens construídas nessas ações.Palavras-chave: paternidade; criminalidade; psicologia social; responsabilidade ABSTRACTFocus of recent public policy in Brasil, this article calls into question the notion of parental responsibility. In particular, it is analyzed the actions developed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul aiming the promotion of "responsible parenthood" as a form of preventing crime. The main objective is to understand how legitimizing discourses around the father figure are constructed in such context. The analysis deconstructs the meaning attributed to the notion of "responsible father". Within this context, there are four key points to understand these actions: 1. the emergence of the father as a figure of interest; 2. the construction of a causal relationship between father absence and crime; 3. the meaning associated with responsibility in the call for responsible parents; and 4. the image constructed in such actions.Keywords: fatherhood, crime, social psychology; responsibility.No presente artigo, colocamos, em primeiro plano, a análise de ações que têm como foco homens pais, ou seja, homens que exercem a paternidade. Em especial, buscamos problematizar ações desenvolvidas no Rio Grande do Sul que objetivam, através da promoção da Paternidade Responsável, um modo de prevenção da criminalidade. Nosso principal objetivo é compreender como se constroem as argumentações que legitimam o investimento na figura paterna nesse contexto.As ações tomadas como objeto de estudo neste artigo foram desenvolvidas por uma parceria entre uma organização não governamental -ONG -de combate à criminalidade de Porto Alegre, o Ministério Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (MPRS) e as Secretarias Estaduais da Saúde (SESRS) e da Educação (SEERS). A paternidade mostra-se como uma vasta possibilidade de pesquisa, principalmente partindo de um olhar que não toma como naturais noções que estão postas socialmente. Há movimentações sociais específicas que vão colocando essa prática em evidência, tanto em legislações (reconhecimento/ atribuição de paternidade via exame de DNA, acompanhamento do pai no momento do parto como um direito), quanto em projetos de lei (aumento da licença paternidade). Diante dessa diversidade de formas de conceber e de pesquisar a paternidade partimos de ferramentas foucaultianas para pens...