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Assessed survivors of childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), compared to controls without cancer, matched as closely as possible in age, SES, and gender. Mild, but consistent, deficits were found in both visual-spatial and verbal single-trial memory tasks. In multitrial learning, only visual-spatial tasks resulted in deficient scores, while verbal learning was within the normal range. IQ results indicated scores 10-20 points lower in the ALL group. Memory results are related to deficits in strategic planning and attentional distractiveness. The WRAML may be a useful clinical tool to evaluate differential memory deficits in children with ALL.

Developmental perspectives on sleep/wake rhythmicity have been neglected in research, yet evidence from chronobiological sources, infant sleep data, and adult light treatment studies suggest continuities in individual differences in internal synchronization to light-dark cycles. Developmental systems suggest maintenance through strong contextual constraints, perturbed only by unusual alterations in social demands and light exposure, such as shift work. Retrospective data from university students, employing the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), supported predicted continuity of sleep/wake patterns and associated states of alertness and fatigue as a function of time of day as well as relations with different patterns of social interactions with parents over daily routines in childhood and adolescence. Eveningness is related to greater difficulty meeting familial and social demands for morning performance than Morningness.

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