The paper examines the concept of the green economy, focusing on its impact on the labour market in terms of employment opportunities. The green economy is often regarded as effective both in environmental and employment terms, creating new jobs while dealing with environment protection issues, for example, climate change, pollution, emission reductions, and so on. In an attempt to identify a shared definition of ‘green jobs’, reference is made to research carried out by international institutions, such as International Labour Organization (ILO) and CEDEFOP, as the green economy has both political and educational implications. This is particularly true when considering the need for ‘green’ skills. The paper calls for a rethinking of green issues, especially with regard to new skills requirements in the green sector. Workers, especially women, should be supported in the process of adaptation and transition, by means of policies providing on-the-job training and retraining, and participation in decision making. Social dialogue and industrial relations can play a key role in this connection, as a catalyst for change, gender equality, and the promotion of green policies.
Since 2003, Italy’s legislation on apprenticeships has regulated a scheme under which candidates can obtain upper- and post-secondary-level qualifications – type 1 apprenticeship – that share features with the dual system of vocational education and training (VET) to be found in German-speaking countries. This scheme has never been extensively implemented, not even in the wake of its latest reform in 2015, which made the scheme part of what might be termed the ‘Italian dual system’. The Cedefop review of type 1 apprenticeship identifies several challenges related to features of the scheme’s governance and design that still hamper its full implementation. In a European perspective, these challenges are common to an emerging approach to apprenticeship, characterised by a lack of clarity about its purpose and place within the education and training system. This may cast a shadow over the educational function of apprenticeships, especially as EU policy is to strengthen their educational value by linking them to schooling and formal qualifications.
Extremadura is the fifth largest region in Spain, with certainly one of the most diverse eco-systems and abundant natural resources. Extremadura launched a series of initiatives to facilitate the transition to a green economy which means a model that takes into consideration economic, social and environmental aspects with one core objective: create jobs. How can Extremadura exploit its capacities to broaden the employment basis while moving to a green economy? What actions and priorities should the regional government take into account to move an economic development and employment agenda forward in this new context? How can Extremadura pursue its efforts to remain one of the least polluting regions in Spain while supporting job creation? Which are the economic sectors with potential for job creation in Extremadura? This study sought to provide guidance and policy recommendation to Extremadura on these and other issues related to the transition of the labour market to the green economy. The study on "Climate Change, Employment and Local Development in Extremadura", was undertaken by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the Regional Ministry of Equality and Employment of Extremadura
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