4 46 69 9 C ervical cancer is an important cause of preventable cancer-related death among women. Because of the overwhelming burden of this disease in developing countries, cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer among women worldwide.1 It primarily affects women between 30 and 45 years of age, thereby representing in an important source of potential years of life lost.With the obligate link between HPV and cervical cancer now established, prophylactic HPV vaccination represents a potential means of reducing the burden of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines are now available. Both target HPV types 16 and 18, and one of the vaccines also targets HPV types 6 and 11. There are over 100 known subtypes of HPV, but types 16 and 18 are the most prevalent oncogenic strains of the virus, accounting for an estimated 70% of cervical cancers worldwide.1,2 Non-oncogenic strains, such as HPV types 6 and 11, are associated with the development of external genital disease, including genital warts. Most sexually active women will become infected with HPV in DOI:10.1503/cmaj.070948 Lisa Rambout BScPhm, Laura Hopkins MD MSc, Brian Hutton MSc, Dean Fergusson PhD Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus infection and disease in women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now known to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and prophylactic HPV vaccines aimed at preventing genital warts, precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer are now available. To gauge the potential impact on disease burden, we performed a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Methods:We conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify all randomized controlled trials of prophylactic HPV vaccination. Reports in 5 electronic databases covering 1950 to June 2007 (MEDLINE, MEDLINE in process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Library), bibliographies of all included studies and of narrative reviews (2006)(2007), clinical trial registries, Google Scholar, public health announcements, selected conference proceedings (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) and manufacturers' information on unpublished data or ongoing trials were screened against predefined eligibility criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Vaccines had to contain coverage against at least 1 oncogenic HPV strain. The primary outcome of interest was the frequency of high-grade cervical lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). The secondary outcomes were persistent HPV infection, low-grade cervical lesions (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), external genital lesions, adverse events and death. Meta-analysis of the data was done in all cases where adequate clinical and methodological homogeneity existed.Results: Of 456 screened reports, 9 were included in the review (6 were reports of ran...
Understanding factors which arbitrate in vaccination decisions among key target groups can improve the success of health promotion interventions. Additional studies of superior methodological quality are needed to produce reliable data to inform health promotion strategies.
5026 Background: Despite biologic rationale, endocrine therapeutic strategies have been under investigated in ovarian cancer. This is the first study to report the efficacy of an aromatase inhibitor, E, in patients (pts) with ROC. Methods: This was a pilot, phase II, single-centre, non-comparative, open-label study. Pts with ROC stage II - IV who had received no more than 2 lines of prior chemotherapy, had ECOG PS ≤ 2, and measurable disease or non-measurable disease with a CA 125 ≥ 30 U/mL and/or ascites were eligible. All pts must have received prior platinum and taxane chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of E 25mg p.o. daily until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints were time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DR) and toxicity. Results: 24 pts have been enrolled to date. Only 2 pts who withdrew consent or never started E were excluded from this analysis. Subjects had stage III (77%) or IV (18%) ovarian cancer, the majority were grade 3,serous histology. 15 pts (68%) had 2 prior lines of therapy and 7 pts (32%) had only 1 prior line of therapy. Treatment was commenced in the majority immediately after progression on chemotherapy. There were no objective clinical responses; however 8/22 (36%) pts had stable disease (SD) >14 weeks (med. duration 23 wks). One pt remains with SD > 95 wks duration. The median TTP was 8.8 wks. Receptor status was available in 16/22 pts: ER+ (41%), PgR+ (32%), BCL-2+ (23%) and HER2+ (0%). Correlation of ORR/SD with receptors and CA 125 will be presented. Toxicity was evaluated in all pts who received at least one dose of E. Hyponatremia (gr 4), attributed to disease, was observed in 1 pt. All other toxicities were NCI CTC grade ≤ 2: fatigue (14%), hot flashes (9%), skin reaction (5%), and fluid retention (5%). Conclusions: In this highly refractory ROC pt population, E was associated with an impressive, clinically meaningful SD rate of 36%. As this potentially represents a less toxic, well-tolerated therapeutic option for women with ROC, further investigation is warranted. Supported by a grant from Pfizer Canada No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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