This descriptive qualitative study explored the spiritual nursing interventions provided by mental health nurses. Fifty mental health nurses responded to open-ended interrogative statements to report on nursing interventions in three situations that supported the spiritual needs of patients and families. Their responses were grouped into four categories, nurses being with the client, doing for the client, encouraging the client to look inward, and encouraging the client to look outward. Being with was demonstrated through the presence of the nurse. Doing for included interventions performed on the client's behalf and included the nurses using time, people, and space to provide care. Clients were encouraged to look inward for strength and look outward for people and objects that could be resources for them. A serendipitous findings was that mental health nurses were able to describe the ideal spiritual interventions but reported fewer instances of actually having intervened.
Spiritual care has reemerged as a critical concern in nursing care. It is assumed that to provide spiritual care, nurses have a personal spiritual perspective. This study investigates the spiritual perspectives of a convenience sample of 50 mental health nurses employed in a public facility. The nurses' spiritual perspectives were measured using Reed's (1986a) Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS). Due to the homogeneous nature of the sample and a clustering of SPS scores, the Wilcoxin Signed-Ranks Test was used to evaluate the data. Although no variables were identified as significant contributors to an individual nurse's spiritual perspective, an overall high SPS was found among the mental health nurses surveyed. The mental health nurses' SPS score mean (5.334, SD = .56) was notably higher than found i previous studies using the SPS (Reed, 1986a, 1991).
The high level of religious participation in the United States provides a venue for parish nursing, a holistic nursing specialty that emphasizes the relationship between spirituality and health. This descriptive study measured two aspects of spirituality (spiritual perspective and spiritual well-being) in a national sample of parish nurses and described variables related to their practice. Furthermore, it qualitatively examined the provision of spiritual care to clients in this parish nurse sample. Parish nurses scored high in spiritual perspective and spiritual well-being and reported an emphasis on health promotion and education in their activities. Three views of spiritual interventions (ideal, general, and specific) were reported. Types of spiritual interventions typically fell into one of four categories: religious, interactional, relational, and professional.
Adolescent clients who are admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital with a history of self-harming behavior and extended length of stay need to be identified and individualized treatment plans implemented for preventing repeat hospitalizations.
Over the past decade, nursing has identified the significance of self-esteem in maintaining wellness among adolescents. Low self-esteem has been linked to numerous adolescent risk behaviors such as smoking, drug use, and sexual activity. Adolescents engaging in these risk behaviors may have subsequent health problems, such as alcohol and drug addiction, as well as teen pregnancy. Present treatment modalities for low self-esteem have not been optimally effective. Nursing needs to examine adolescent self-esteem within the discipline of nursing and develop its own prevention and intervention strategies. Guided by the Roy Adaptation Model, our study used a descriptive, correlational design and examined the self-report of self-esteem on age group, gender, exercise participation, smoking, parental alcohol usage, depression, and anger in a nonclinical, community sample of adolescents aged 12-19.
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