Small islands possess the main character, namely limited land resources; thus, their development must pay attention to the land's capability to support life. Sulabesi is one of the small islands located in the North Maluku Islands with a very low to very high level of land capability. As a small island and center of activity, it faces several problems, including population growth, land availability, and vulnerability to natural disasters. The study aimed to assess the suitability of land capability with land cover and disaster risk and provide direction for the development. Additionally, it employed an overlap analysis method using the ArcGIS 10.5 tool with spatial data, namely land capability and disaster risk, and land cover changes from Landsat 7 & 8 satellite imagery throughout 2000, 2010, and 2020. The research finding denoted that Sulabesi Island continues to experience changes in land cover, particularly the increase in built-up land for 20 years. These changes were then spread over the land capability of class A and class B development capability characteristics of 280.46 ha. Furthermore, the suitability between land capability and disaster risk areas was also observable in classes A, B, and C, with the risk of tsunamis, earthquakes, and landslides. Thus, efforts to manage sustainable land use, mainly built-up lands, must be directed at the capability of land with a very high -medium development classification and free from disaster risk. It can be a reference for future research in developing small islands that are more resilient.
Sulabesi Island, as a small island, is faced with challenges in developing road infrastructure to facilitate community mobility, especially to meet their settlements’ needs. With most settlements located on the coast, this study aims to analyze the road network’s density level based on the building distribution and plan settlements based on connectivity between regions. The method used is a road network density (ND) analysis using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The analysis results show that the density level of the Sulabesi Island road network is still low and only concentrated in one area, Sanana District. There are still unfinished road and bridge network constructions in other areas, so some areas are not yet connected. This condition causes connectivity between regions to be low, and community mobility becomes difficult, especially to meet their basic needs, including distributing their harvests. Even with a road network that cannot connect between regions, it can increase the isolation of a settlement. From this research, it can be a description of the characteristics of settlements on small islands from the aspect of land transportation.
With limited land availability, the land use and management on the small island must be sustainable. Sulabesi Island, with an area of <2000 km<sup>2</sup>, makes it one of the small islands in North Maluku and a remote island. This condition makes Sulabesi vulnerable to land loss and faced with adverse threats both environmentally and socio-economically if the allocation of residential places does not manage appropriately. The study aimed to identify the distribution of coastal settlement land with the characteristics of the island landscape, including analyzing its suitability to coastal boundaries and recommending directions for the development of coastal settlements on Sulabesi island. The method of this study used the geographic information system (GIS) to provide a spatial picture with overlaying and buffering techniques. The data analysis used topography, slope, distribution of settlements, and coastlines with collected data sources from government agencies and remote sensing, including field observations. The analysis results showed that the settlements scattered Sulabesi island randomly and separately with linear patterns, clustering, and combinations. The distribution in the island landscape was with a dominant height at 0-200 m and a slope of 0-30% or is a flat-steep plain. Besides that also shows a mismatch of utilization between the residence and the coastal border area, so land use for future settlements can do on the more proportional ground, especially outside the coastal buffer area. The results of this study's analysis can be used for further direction in regional planning and land management on small islands.
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