Patients with CHD using an Internet-based activity prescription with online coaching were more physically active at follow up than those receiving usual care. Use of the CardioFit program could extend the reach of rehabilitation and secondary-prevention services.

Aims/hypothesis The Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (DARE) study showed that aerobic and resistance exercise training each improved glycaemic control and that a combination of both was superior to either type alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we report effects on patient-reported health status and well-being in the DARE Trial. Methods We randomised 218 inactive participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in parallel to 22 weeks of aerobic exercise (n=51), resistance exercise (n=58), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (n=57) or no exercise (control; n=52). Intervention allocation was managed by a central office. Outcomes included health status as assessed by the physical and mental component scores of the Medical Outcomes Trust Short-Form 36-item version (SF-36) and well-being as measured by the Well-Being Questionnaire 12-item version (WBQ-12); these were measured at the Ottawa Hospital. Results Using a p value of 0.0125 for statistical significance due to multiple comparisons, mixed model analyses indicated that resistance exercise led to clinically but not statistically significant improvements in the SF-36 physical component score compared with aerobic exercise (Δ=2.7 points; p=0.048) and control (i.e. no exercise; Δ=3.3 points; p=0.015). For mental component scores, there were clinically important improvements favouring no (control) compared with resistance (Δ=7.6 points; p<0.001) and combined (Δ=7.2 points; p<0.001) exercise. No effects on WBQ-12 scores were noted. Overall, 59/218 (27%) of participants included in this analysis sustained an adverse event during the course of the study, including 16 participants in the combined exercise group, 19 participants in the resistance exercise group, 16 participants in the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Patients with CAD not participating in cardiac rehabilitation receiving a theory-based motivational counselling intervention were more physically active at follow-up than those receiving usual care. This intervention may extend the reach of cardiac rehabilitation by increasing physical activity in those disinclined to participate in structured programmes.

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Physical inactivity and obesity are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. eHealth interventions may increase physical activity and improve obesity-related outcomes among women. The objective of this study was to review the evidence of the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among working-age women. The secondary objective was to examine their effectiveness on improving obesity-related outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was developed for eight electronic databases; through July 2016. All studies consisting of >80% women of working-age (18-65 years) in high income countries were included. Multiple unblinded reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and data quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Sixty studies were included in the review of which 20 were in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated eHealth interventions improved moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (standard mean difference = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.58, 1.68, P < 0.0001); an increase of ~25 min week . No changes were observed in obesity-related outcomes; waist circumference (P = 0.06), body mass (P = 0.05) and body mass index (P = 0.35). eHealth interventions are effective at increasing min week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among working-age women from high income countries.

There is a clear need to educate physicians about heart disease in women and its prevention and management. More female-specific research, prevention, and clinical programs will enhance our ability to significantly improve cardiovascular health in Canadian women.

The MVPA levels of patients attending home-based CR tend to vary depending on gender, whether or not metabolic syndrome was present, and prior MVPA levels, suggesting the need to potentially target these particular groups in future behavioral interventions aimed at increasing MVPA.