This study identified reasons shift workers chose to engage in or abstain from napping and consuming caffeine, and how these strategies related to poor sleep and health outcomes. Further research is required to help develop recommendations for shift workers regarding napping and caffeine consumption as fatigue countermeasures, whilst taking into account the associated hazards of each strategy.
In addition to prolonging the resistance to extinction of aversively motivated behavior, administration of ACTH at' testing has been shown to alleviate retention deficits associated with several types of paradigms (e.g., retrograde amnesia, Kamin effect). To determine whether comparable recovery could be induced by ACTH with respect to a previously extinguished avoidance response, four experiments using rats were conducted. In each, decrements in avoidance responding produced by extinction were alleviated by exogenous ACTH. For three reasons, the observed effects of ACTH on rats' avoidance behavior were judged to be on memory processes rather than simply an alteration in motor behavior. First, pretest administration of ACTH was effective in alleviating performance deficits after extinction in both active (Experiment 1) and passive (Experiments 2-4) avoidance tasks. Second, administration of ACTH had no effect on the behavior of shocked, but untrained, subjects (Experiment 3). Finally, the ACTH-induced recovery was relatively durable in that it persisted for at least 24 h (Experiments 3-4).This durability of the ACTH-induced recovery of avoidance was unexpected in terms of an interpretation emphasizing the state-dependent nature of the present paradigm. The data extend previous findings and are discussed in relation to other research on memory recovery.
schedule (e.g., frequency of night shifts, duration in years) are needed. Further, research to the (mediating) role of lifestyle behaviours in the health effects of shift work is recommended, as this may offer potential for preventive strategies. Introduction Early functional ageing -EFA is the progressive work ability -WA impairment preceding the chronological ageing. Hospital work is characterised by physical and mental workloads arising from work stressors that can influence functional ageing. The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the association between psychosocial work stressors and functional ageing in a group of Brazilian hospital employees. Methods This is a 3 year follow-up (2009-2012) study of 423 hospital workers of São Paulo, Brazil. We included only workers with excellent/good WA at the baseline. At baseline workers filled a form on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and occupational questions including the Brazilian versions of Job Stress Scale, Effort-Reward Questionnaire, Work-Related Activities That May Contribute To Job-Related Pain and/or Injury, and Work Ability Index. Moderate/poor WA were considered as EFA. Changes from excellent/good to moderate/poor WA were the dependent variable. We used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results The average age was 36.0 y (SD=8.3), 30.7% were over 40 y, 72.1% were females. At the end of follow-up the exposure to work stressors had worsened: job strain (20.3%), social support (22.7%), effort-reward imbalance (18.7%), overcommitment (18.4%) and Work-Related Activities That May Contribute To Job-Related Pain and/or Injury (13.9%). Eighteen percent of the workers shifted to moderate or poor WA. High levels of exposure to psychosocial work stressors were significantly associated with decreased work ability: job strain (OR=2.81) and effort-reward imbalance (OR=3.21). Discussion Work stressors were risk factors for work ability. The results showed the need for interventions to maintain hospital employees' work ability. Such strategies have implications for institutional and social policies to prevent early functional ageing.
Shiftworkers are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal disease and Type 2 Diabetes than the general population, likely due to their altered dietary intakes. Previous research has suggested that coping strategies and health behaviours may be linked, however, questions remain regarding these relationships in shiftworking populations. The Standard Shiftwork Index and Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed by nurses/midwives working forward rotating shifts (N=27, female=24, age=38.4 ± 13.1 y). Greater engaged coping strategy usage was associated with lower total energy, fat, carbohydrate and sugar intake (ρs>−0.1). Greater disengaged coping strategy usage was associated with greater intake of these nutrients (ρs>0.1). Results suggest that engaged coping strategies may contribute to healthier dietary choices. A greater focus on coping styles, particularly during nursing education, may improve shiftworkers’ health.
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