A micro-electro-mechanical model of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics including thermal effects is presented and compared to experimental data. Results include analytical and numerical investigations of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics. The model is based on physical mechanisms and includes elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric anisotropy. Moreover, the model is based on an internal energy approach so that work-energy relations may be directly applied. Results from the model give insight into material behavior.
A piezohydraulic pump is presented that makes use of the step-and-repeat capability of piezoelectric actuators. This work discusses piezohydraulic pumping theory, pump design, and pump performance. Efficiency is analyzed for the pump cycle with theoretical efficiency being 1.0. Loss mechanisms that result in actuator heating are discussed. The pump was constructed and connected to a hydraulic actuator. The actuator was driven at 7 cm/sec with a 271 N (61 lb) blocking force. To achieve this, the piezoelectric stack actuator was driven at 60 Hz.
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