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Hydrophilic hydrogels exhibit good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, whereas hydrophobic elastomers show excellent stability, mechanical firmness, and waterproofing in various environments. Hydrogel–elastomer hybrid material devices show varied application prospects in the field of bioelectronics. In this paper, the research progress in hydrogel–elastomer adhesion in recent years, including the hydrogel–elastomer adhesion mechanism, adhesion method, and applications in the bioelectronics field, is reviewed. Finally, the research status of adhesion between hydrogels and elastomers is presented.