Ag2O/Bi2O2CO3 p-n heterojunctions are prepared with commercial Bi2O2CO3 as precursor via a simple photosynthesis process. The obtained Ag2O/Bi2O2CO3 p-n heterojunctions show higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure n-Bi2O2CO3, and the obtained Ag2O/Bi2O2CO3 (AB-4) heterojunction exhibits the best photocatalytic activity under visible light (λ > 400 nm), with which Rhodamine B, methyl blue and methyl orange can be completely degraded within 12 min. Photoluminescent spectra and photoelectrochemical measurement further indicate that the Ag2O/Bi2O2CO3 p-n heterojunctions greatly enhance the charge generation and suppress the charge recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which would be beneficial to improve their photocatalytic activity.

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In this work, a novel nanocomposite hydrogel based on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and chitosan (CS) was fabricated and applied as a carrier for the controlled delivery of theophylline. CNC was firstly periodate-oxidized to obtain dialdehyde nanocellulose (DACNC). Then, chitosan was crosslinked using DACNC as both the matrix and crosslinker in different weight ratios, to fabricate CNC/CS composites. The prepared composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurement and swelling ratio tests. FT-IR results confirmed the successful reaction between the free amino groups on chitosan and the aldehyde groups on DACNC. With the increase of chitosan percentage in the hydrogel, the isoelectric point was shifted towards an alkaline pH, which was probably caused by the higher content of free amino groups. The swelling ratio of the composite also increased, which may have been due to the decrease of crosslinking density. Because the swelling ratio of the drug-loaded hydrogels differed under varied pH values, the cumulative drug release percentage of the composite hydrogel was achieved to approximately 85% and 23% in the gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 7.4) fluids, respectively. Therefore, CNC/CS hydrogel has application potential as a theophylline carrier.

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