The paper was focused on the socio-economic analysis of tourism impacts on the economy with evidence from Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Data for the study was generated from well-structured questionnaire administration. The generated data was analyzed using descriptive statistic; while three hypothesis were tested in the study using and results shows that there is a significant difference between the socio-economic impact of tourism and the internally generated revenue; there is a significant difference between the impact of tourism on households and private businesses within the Metropolis; and there is no significant variation in the challenges faced by private businesses associated with tourism in the study area. Based on the findings, it was recommended that tourism experts should be employed to pilot the affairs of tourism to position the industry for greater benefits in the study area. Contribution/Originality:This study contributes to the existing literature on tourism activities/operations and the boost of internally generated revenue, household income and enhancement of private businesses. INTRODUCTIONTourism is one of the largest global industries with the highest growth rate, along with economic opportunities such as employment creation and a high potential for growth. It is a part of global process of change and development (known as globalization) which is no longer confined to the developed countries that traditionally provided the demand for world travel, while also essential that social, cultural and ecological criteria be taken into account for the medium and long term sustainability of tourism operations and facilities (McNeely et al., 1998; Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2002;Mbaiwa, 2003). Tourism is seen as one of the most important global industry. In Holloway (1999) stated that tourism plays a vital role in the social, cultural and economic development of most nations. Inevitably, it has the potential to both preserve and destroy the heritage of a country. Again, the basic aim of tourism management in a destination is to maximize the sectors economic, sociocultural and environmental benefits, while minimizing the associated cost.Apart from obvious and visible effects on the economy and the physical environment, tourism can contribute to the socio-cultural changes in host societies, including changes in value systems, traditional lifestyles and community structures. According to Kreag (2001) the socio-cultural impacts of tourism need to be taken into account as communities will be the ones to live with the changes that will occur. Most of the times these changes are assumed to be positive. According to Wall and Mathieson (2006) and Van Harsel (1994) demonstrated that

This paper on strategies for school environmental management in Nigerian secondary schools was carried out in Calabar, Nigeria. To guide the study three research questions were formulated. This was achieved through administration of structured questionnaires in three randomly sampled schools. Findings show regular grass clearing, sweeping of the school compound and painting, landscaping and planting of flowers, good drainage and refuse disposal are strategies adopted for managing the school environment. While lack of gardeners to keep the school compound clean, erosion, students and teachers not being responsive to environmental issues, difficulties to inculcate in students environmental values due to different home upbringing, lack of funds to procure working tools/implements and waste disposal challenges were some identified challenges in the school environmental management. Three hypotheses were put forward to be tested in the study: 1) There is no significant difference in strategies adopted in the management of school environment 2) Management of school environment has no significant effect on student study/reading habit 3) The challenges of managing school environment have no significant effect on the quality of school environment. Statistical results from tested hypotheses show significant relation and correlation in all. Result for hypothesis one shows that there is significant difference in strategies adopted in the management of school environment. Hypothesis two statistically proved that management of school environment has significant effect on students' study/reading habit; while the last stated hypothesis revealed that the challenges of managing school environment have significant effect on the quality of school environment. For enhanced and better school environment for sound academic exercise, school environmental management team (SEMT), fore-plan for drainage and waste disposal, school location consideration for new schools, employment of gardeners and cleaners, fumigation of schools, terminal orientation programmes, development of curriculum on environmental management, School inspection and competitions and awards were recommended.

The demand for university education has led to an increase in the students’ population especially in the Nigerian public universities. This comes with intense pressure on the bearing capacity of available school infrastructure. This study was designed to investigate the effects of overcrowding on the female students living in the University of Calabar Hostel, Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample of 276 out of the 892 students living in the university was drawn for the study using the simple random sampling technique based on Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula for the finite population. A 14 item structured questionnaire with a four-point Likert rating scale was adopted. Data generated from the administration of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptively, tables, chart figures, percentages, average, and frequencies were used. However, Chi-square correlation techniques were employed in testing the study hypotheses. The result of the analysis revealed that the University of Calabar Female Hostel is overcrowded with a significant effect on the physical and health wellbeing of students. The study emphasized building more hostels by the university stakeholders to accommodate the overcrowded students, limiting students allocated to and allowed to share hostel rooms to avoid overutilization of resources, ensuring there is adequate clean water supply to prevent the shortage of water, avoid the incidence of a disease outbreak by implementing biweekly hostel sanitation exercise, and improve the duration of electricity supply in the hostels to enhance good ventilation system.