This article aims at constructing a theology of business starting from the Chinese principle of relationship which is known as guanxi. Many have seen the role of guanxi in the process of China’s economic growth. Guanxi plays a philosophical role not only in economic life, but also in social as well as cultural ones. Using Robert Schreiter’s method of intercultural theology, this study finds that the philosophical concept of guanxi offers values compatible with a Christian theology of relationship. Interacting the two resources would provide a strong basis for constructing a theology of business.
Christian mission emphasizes the joyful aspect ofGod to men because of His presence, which brings salvation. Awareness of the grace aspect has encouraged believers to undertake mission efforts. However, recent studies seek to present the doxological aspect as a motivation for the mission. This writing attempts to raise an awareness about the doxological dimension in guanxi as a motive aspect for believers on doing the mission. To discover this thought, the writer applies a qualitative descriptive method with an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach. In cultural studies on guanxi there is a value of 'face' regarding to 'honor' or dignity on someone we respect. This cultural value has a strong implication of honor and glory (doxology) of God. How the glory of God can be understood in the perspective of guanxi, so it could be a motivational aspect for the believers in today's mission endeavors? Relating to the Chinese Indonesian context, this work depicts a harmonizing culture and theology between the West and the East on perusing God's glory. Research Contribution: This research illuminated by the intercultural theology that could contribute to an advance of Christian scholars and many others, both in theory and praxis regarding to mission fields of study. Guanxi and doxology are the harmonizing idea of the West and East for the sake of God's glory.
Abstrak: Meme muncul hampir di setiap aspek kehidupan manusia. Hal itu bisa ditemukan dalam bahasa, lagu, politik, komunikasi di dunia medsos, dan bahkan dalam agama. Sehingga dalam banyak hal, seseorang sebenarnya melakukan sesuatu karena sebelumnya ia mendapat ide, kesan ataupun pengalaman sebagai stimulator. Kondisi tersebut bersifat dinamis dan transferabel. Seseorang cenderung meneruskan lagi kepada orang lain. Orang yang menerima hal tersebut, dengan sengaja ataupun tidak, meneruskannya lagi kepada orang lain hingga terjadi penggandaan dan bahkan multiplikasi ide, informasi, perasaan, reaksi yang berkembang dan hampir tidak dapat dikendalikan. Kondisi tersebut dikenal sebagai meme. Seperti mesin, meme memiliki daya dorong yang efektif untuk melakukan replikasi. Berkaitan dengan kehidupan beragama, sejauh mana faktor meme/mimetik memainkan peran penting dalam kiprah penyebaran suatu ajaran? Khususnya dalam kekristenan, apakah ada korelasi antara pernyataan Paulus dalam Roma 10: 14-15 dengan faktor meme secara langsung? Adakah aspek lain, selain meme, yang menjadi kunci dari efektifitas pewartaan Kabar Baik yang dilakukan dalam kekristenan di seluruh dunia? Hal-hal itulah yang coba dikembangkan melalui tulisan kecil ini.Kata kunci: Meme, Replikator, Duplikasi, Pengulangan, Agama, Penginjilan, Pembawa Pesan, Kekristenan
This writing attempts to reread the ambitious dreams of transhumanism about the super civilization of humankind in future development, such as longevity, intelligence, and wellness. These super-thinks are now running into a formidable challenge of pandemic COVID-19 reality. Reflecting on Anthony Gittins’ thought of a new identity of believers, the author will develop this writing in some features. First, the urgency of critical reading toward the dreams of transhumanism. Second, how the COVID-19 pandemic turned into an enormous challenge for transhumanism concepts? Third, referring to the Gittins, how significant of his intentions could bring alertness to the transhumanists and believers in a new identity thought in Christ? In his explorative research, the author will employ a descriptive qualitative method. The last part is a result and suggestions for further exploration and also for readers to find out a dynamic of human self-identity.AbstrakTulisan ini berupaya untuk membaca ulang mimpi besar transhumanisme tentang suatu peradaban super agung manusia mengenai masa depan dalam aspek kekekalan, kejeniusan, dan kebahagiaan. Hasrat super tersebut menghadapi tantangan super besar pula melalui kenyataan pandemi Covid-19. Berefleksi dari konsep Anthony Gittins tentang identitas baru komunitas orang-orang percaya, tulisan dikembangkan sebagai berikut: Pertama, urgensi membaca ulang secara kritis mimpi super kalangan transhumanis. Kedua, bagaimana pandemi Covid-19 menjadi tantangan super bagi konsep transhumanime? Ketiga, merujuk pada pemikiran Anthony Gittins, sejauh mana konsep Gittins dapat menyadarkan kaum transhumanis, dan kelompok orang percaya tentang identitas baru dalam Kristus. Studi literatur dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif menjadi pilihan dalam upaya mengeksplorasi. Pada bagian akhir, akan disimpulkan serta disuguhkan beberapa saran bagi para peneliti selanjutnya, dan para pembaca untuk terus melakukan upaya dinamis dalam memahami identitas diri manusia.
In the Old Testament, the metaphor of the "desert" is quite central in the spiritual image of God's people. In the ancient world, the reality of the wilderness was a pivotal point in Israel's encounter with God. Associated with the life of the church today, the reality of postmodernism becomes a new challenge that causes distortion and fragmentation between orthodoxy, orthopathy, and orthopraxy in church life. This essay aims to examine how desert spirituality can be integrated into the contemporary Christian life. This study uses a qualitative approach with socio-theological analysis. The results of this study are expected to develop a critical awareness of the church about the complex social meaning of desert spirituality practices that can be integrated into postmodern social reality as a transformational practice of personal life, service, and society. AbstrakDalam Perjanjian Lama metafora “padang Gurun” cukup sentral dalam imajinasi spiritualitas umat Allah. Di dunia kuno realitas padang gurun merupakan titik penting perjumpaan Israel dengan Allah. Dikaitkan dengan kehidupan gereja di masa kini, realitas postmodernisme menjadi tantangan baru yang menimbulkan distorsi dan fragmentasi antara ortodoksi, ortopati dan ortopraksis dalam kehidupan menggereja. Esai ini bertujuan mengkaji bagaimana spiritualitas padang gurun dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam kehidupan kekristenan kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis sosio-teologis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kesadaran kritis gereja tentang makna sosial yang kompleks dari praktik spiritualitas padang gurun yang dapat diintegrasikan dalam realitas sosial postmodern sebagai praktik transformasional kehidupan pribadi, pelayanan dan masyarakat.
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