fibers/textiles, due to their advantages such as air-permeability, lightweight, and good conformability to complex curved surfaces of the human body, hold great potential to construct wearable electronics, especially those for long-term health monitoring. [3,4] In the recent several years, great achievements have been made in the fabrication of electronic fibers/textiles. At the same time, their applications in health monitoring have been widely explored. Currently, the main functions of reported electronic fibers/textiles include sensing, [5] display, [6] and energy conversion/storage. [7] Sensing fibers/textiles are the key to realize highly sensitive and reliable health monitoring. Display fibers/ textiles can be used to display the collected health information in real-time. Besides, energy fibers/textiles can support the working of other electronic functions. In this paper, we aim to review the advances in the fabrication of electronic fibers/textiles and their application in health monitoring. The challenges and prospect will be discussed.Health monitoring primarily includes mechanical and electrical signal sensing. [8,9] Mechanical signals can reflect body movements or physiological parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels. [8] Electrical and electrophysiological signals can provide information about the human nervous system, which controls the activities and functions of tissues and organs. [9][10][11] In addition to mechanical and electrical signal monitoring, electric textiles can be used to detect chemical signals, [12] humidity, [13] and temperature [14] of human body, rendering them useful for metabolism, breathing, and temperature monitoring, respectively. [15] These signals can be monitored by sensing fibers/textiles. On the other side, display fibers/textiles [16,17] can display health-related information in real-time that is collected by the sensing fibers/textiles. Along with the development of advanced material technologies, display textiles with excellent flexibility and good electroluminescent properties have been developed.In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the fabrication of electronic fibers/textiles and their applications in health monitoring (Scheme 1). First, the methods for fabricating sensing and display electronic fibers/textiles are introduced and discussed. Thereafter, the applications of electronic fibers/textiles in health monitoring are reviewed. Multifunctional textilesThe requirements for comfort, multifunctionality, and aesthetic value of wearable electronics have increased owing to the development of smart wearables. Traditional wearable electronics lack flexibility, softness, and breathability; therefore, they are unsuitable for long-term use. Recently, electronic fibers/textiles, which have a similar morphology to traditional fibers/textiles and have been imparted electronic functions, have attracted increasing interest. In this review, the latest advances in the fabrication and applications of electronic fibers/textiles, especially...

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In this study, waste cotton fibers were environmentally reused. First, they were milled into fine powders with particle sizes of around 30 µm and dyed for use as pigments. Dyeing properties of the cellulose powder were explored by determining the dye uptake, K/S value, and bath ratio. Among the various samples, powders with owf (on weight of fabric) of 0% dye (pristine cellulose powder), and 10% and 50% dyed powders were selected; and these powders were characterized by several methods to compare the properties of dyed and undyed cellulose. The surface morphologies of the powders were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Combining the SEM images with the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) data, it was found that the smaller the particle size, the larger is the surface area. In addition, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that with increasing dye concentration, the intensity of the C peak reduced, while those of O and S increased. Moreover, the main components of the dyed and undyed cellulose powders were found to be almost the same from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data revealed that the loss modulus was significantly larger than the storage modulus, demonstrating that the material mainly undergoes viscous deformation.

Ketone bodies are crucial intermediate metabolites widely associated with treating metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that ketone bodies may act as immunoregulators in humans and animals to attenuate pathological inflammation through multiple strategies. Although the clues are scattered and untrimmed, the elevation of these ketone bodies in the circulation system and tissues induced by ketogenic diets was reported to affect the immunological barriers, an important part of innate immunity. Therefore, beta-hydroxybutyrate, a key ketone body, might also play a vital role in regulating the barrier immune systems. In this review, we retrospected the endogenous ketogenesis in animals and the dual roles of ketone bodies as energy carriers and signal molecules focusing on beta-hydroxybutyrate. In addition, the research regarding the effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on the function of the immunological barrier, mainly on the microbiota, chemical, and physical barriers of the mucosa, were outlined and discussed. As an inducible endogenous metabolic small molecule, beta-hydroxybutyrate deserves delicate investigations focusing on its immunometabolic efficacy. Comprehending the connection between ketone bodies and the barrier immunological function and its underlining mechanisms may help exploit individualised approaches to treat various mucosa or skin-related diseases.