n this article, we conduct a longitudinal study of womens progress on French corporate boards of directors. We particularly focus on the extent to which women directors have circumvented the glass ceiling. Using a sample of SBF 120 companies over a 10-year period from 2000 to 2009, our results provide evidence of a significant increase in the number of women on French corporate boards. However, the corporate glass ceiling hypothesis is consistently rejected whatever the considered measure of female directors; i.e., the number of board seats held by women, the number of firms with a critical mass of female directors, and the number of directorships held by each women director.

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<p>Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become an important and substantial area of study for quite a few years. In this literature, while so much research has shed light on what makes SMEs integrate CSR into their business strategy, the existing results regarding their economic, social, and environmental motives are contradictory. In this article, we aim at making a contribution by conducting an integrative study. More specifically, we compare the roles of economic, social, and environmental motives in driving SMEs to make CSR become an integral part of their strategic planning and routine operational performance. Our sample includes 155 French SMEs.</p>

Three main schools of thought about knowledge and knowledge management are positivism, non-positivism, and pluralistic perspective. Their conflict about what knowledge is and what knowledge management endures without concluding end. This article contributes to the literature by arguing for a different perspective that helps solve this conflict: pragmatism. Knowledge, for pragmatists, is outcome of inquiry, with the chief value being its usefulness. From this perspective, we argue for a reflective knowledge management approach, which requires knowing people and people in charge of the knowledge management function to have an attitude of being that is called knowledge responsibility.