A new automotive outside airbag system based on operating characteristics of pyroelectric infrared detector is designed. Then, the working principle of airbag system is analyzed, and its effectiveness is verified by PC-CRASH simulation software. The new automotive outside airbag system can make it possible that the airbag system is not exploded when the automotive collide with automotive or fixation, which can save the cost of automotive and be achieve increased popularity.
Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. Correct use of car seat can effectively reduce the children's injury and fatality in traffic accidents. First of all, this paper analyzes the trend of the children's injury and fatality caused by traffic accidents in China, and introduces the survey on misuse of car seats in several large cities in China. Then, this paper analyzes the children's injury by car seat misuse tests, and proposes the study method and framework about the Ease-of-Use Rating of car seat based on the different safety factors which are related to different misuse circumstances. Moreover, through the future analysis and verification, such as ease-of-use tests, misuse tests and hierarchical analysis, the China Car Seat Ease-of-Use Rating is proposed. This study will promote the industry to further emphasize the ease-of-use design of car seat, and also further improve the use rate of car seat in China.
The upper limb of a vehicle driver is vulnerable to injury in a car collision accident. In order to study the injury mechanism and biomechanical response of the upper limb, a finite element model of upper limbs including upper limb bones, muscles, ligaments and skin was established from CT scan data, and was validated by quasi-static and dynamic three point bending tests to the long bones, as well as airbag and forearm impact tests. Further, the influence of airbag parameters and driver’s postures on the upper limb injury were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the risk of forearm fracture increased with the increase of the forearm radial speed. When the air mass rate of airbag reduced to half of the initial, the forearm distal-end average speed was decreased by 19.1%, and the peak decreased by 9.0% accordingly. When the distance between forearm and the airbag was selected from 0 to 15, 25 and 35[Formula: see text]mm, respectively, the forearm distal-end average speed was decreased by 23.8%, 45.1% and 56.7% accordingly, and the peak decreased by 1.6%, 28.4% and 42.0%, respectively. The simulation result indicates this model has a good bio-fidelity and can accurately reflect the dynamic response of the upper limb and quantitative injury mechanism, enabling the evaluation of vehicle safety restraint system.
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