Objectives To study the correlations between facial profile markers and crown-lump length (CRL) in a Chinese population, and to evaluate the clinical value of these markers for abnormal fetuses during the first trimester (11 to 13+6 gestational weeks). Methods The facial profile markers were as followings: inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial maxillary angle (FMA), frontal space (FS) distance and profile line (PL) distance. These markers were measured in facial mid-sagittal section through ViewPoint 6 software. The diagnostic value of these markers for abnormal fetuses was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results According to the first-trimester scanning (FTS) and follow-up, 31 fetuses were enrolled in the abnormal group, including 14 cases of trisomy 21, 7 cases of trisomy 18, 10 cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 1000 normal fetuses were selected. Among the normal fetuses, the IFA, FS distance and PL distance had negative correlations with CRL. The MNM angle and FMA had positive correlations with CRL. The mean IFA values for fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 were 74.11° (standard deviation (SD) 7.48) and 69.88° (SD 7.08), respectively, which were significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p = 0.013; p = 0.003). The mean MNM angle of fetuses with trisomy 18 and CLP were 6.98° (SD 2.61) and 9.41° (SD 2.57), respectively, which were significantly greater than the normal fetuses (p = 0.005; p < 0.001). The mean FMA values of trisomy 18 fetuses were 63.95° (SD 4.77), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean FS distance of CLP fetuses was -0.22 mm (SD 1.38), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean PL distance of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP fetuses were 2.89 mm (SD 0.41), 2.91 mm (SD 0.56) and 2.71 mm (SD 0.37), respectively. The difference with the normal fetuses had no statistical significance (p = 0.56; p = 0.607; p = 0.54). Conclusions Fetal facial profile markers had excellent correlations with CRL during the first trimester. IFA had certain clinical significance in detecting trisomy 21. FMA, IFA and MNM angle were reliable indicators for screening trisomy 18. The abnormal MNM angle and FS distance could be used as sensitive indicators for CLP. However, PL distance was not the best markers for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP.
Objective To evaluate the relationship between first trimester (11 ~ 13+ 6 gestational weeks) ultrasonographic soft markers (USMs) and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods A retrospective study, singleton pregnancies were recruited from the first-trimester scanning (FTS) during May 2017 to August 2021 at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All fetuses were followed up till birth or induced abortion. The spectrum and detection rate of USMs during the first trimester were studied. The correlation between USMs and adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed to evaluate the management of fetus with 1st trimester USMs. Results Among 7355 fetuses who underwent FTS, 6868 fetuses with complete follow-up outcomes were recruited in the study. Total 1105 USMs were reported among 963 fetuses during the first trimester. According to the detection rate, the most frequently detected USMs were increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickeness (6.70%, 460/6868), followed by echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) (5.10%, 350/6868), absent/reversed a-wave of ductus venosus (1.35%, 93/6868) and absence/hypoplasia of the nasal bone (NB) (1.03%, 71/6868). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with two or more USMs was 36.44% (43/118), which was significantly higher (χ2 = 114.50, P < 0.001) than fetuses with single USM (5.68%, 48/845). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetuses who had both USMs and structural abnormalities was 72.60% (53/73), were also significantly higher (χ2 = 368.17, P < 0.001) than fetuses with isolated USMs without structural abnormalities (4.27%, 38/890). Logistic regression analysis showed increased NT thickness, absence/hypoplasia of the NB, absent/reversed a-wave of ductus venosus, tricuspid regurgitation (TR), choroid plexus cyst (CPC), echogenic bowel (EB) and single umbilical artery (SUA) were closely associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between EIF, mild pyelectasis (PYE) and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes (P = 0.30; P = 0.77). Conclusions The ultrasonographic soft markers found during the first trimester, especially multiple USMs, or USMs are associated with structural malformations, are potential soft markers in predicting fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Objectives To study the correlations between facial profile markers and crown-lump length (CRL) in a Chinese population, and to evaluate the clinical value of these markers for abnormal fetuses during the first trimester (11 to 13+ 6 gestational weeks) . Methods The facial profile markers were as followings: inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial maxillary angle (FMA), frontal space (FS) distance and profile line (PL) distance. These markers were measured in facial mid-sagittal section through ViewPoint 6 software. The diagnostic value of these markers for abnormal fetuses was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results According to the ultrasonic examination and follow-up, 31 fetuses were enrolled in the abnormal group, including 14 cases of trisomy 21, 7 cases of trisomy 18, 10 cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 1000 cases were selected to the normal group, during the first trimester,with the CRL from 45mm to 84 mm. In the normal group, the IFA, FS distance and PL distance had negative correlations with CRL during the first trimester (rs=-0.614, p < 0.001; rs=-0.42, p < 0.001; rs=-0.271, p < 0.001). The MNM angle and FMA had positive correlations with CRL (rs=0574, p < 0.001; rs=0.451, p < 0.001). The mean IFA values for fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 were 74.11° (standard deviation (SD) 7.48) and 69.88° (SD 7.08), respectively, which were significantly smaller than the normal group (Z=-2.496, p = 0.013; Z=-3.018, p = 0.003). The mean MNM angle of fetuses with trisomy 18 and CLP were 6.98° (SD 2.61) and 9.41° (SD 2.57), respectively, which were significantly greater than the normal group (Z=-2.83, p = 0.005; Z=-5.05, p < 0.001). The mean FMA values of trisomy 18 fetuses were 63.95° (SD 4.77), which was significantly smaller than the normal group (t = 4.777, p < 0.001). The mean FS distance of CLP fetuses was − 0.22mm (SD 1.38), which was significantly smaller than the normal group (Z=-4.259, p < 0.001). The mean PL distance of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP fetuses were 2.89mm (SD 0.41), 2.91mm (SD 0.56) and 2.71mm (SD 0.37), respectively. The difference with the normal group had no statistical significance (t=-0.583, p = 0.56; t=-0.515, p = 0.607; t = 0.613, p = 0.54). Conclusions Fetal facial profile markers had excellent correlations with CRL during the first trimester. IFA had certain clinical significance in detecting trisomy 21. FMA, IFA and MNM angle were reliable indicators for screening trisomy 18. The abnormal MNM angle and FS distance could be used as sensitive indicators for CLP. However, PL distance was not the best markers for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP during the first trimester.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.