This study is the first report to characterize a legume host plant protein to sense and interact with an outer membrane protein (OMP) of rhizobia. It can be speculated that GLP1 plays an essential role to mediate early symbiotic process through interacting with OMPs of rhizobia.
BackgroundHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have a significant impact on neonatal morbidity, mortality and long-term prognosis, which have a high incidence in neonates. Many studies have shown that chlorhexidine cleansing is effective in reducing HAIs in adults, but the effect of chlorhexidine cleansing on HAIs in neonates remains controversial.AimThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of chlorhexidine cleansing on HAIs in neonates. The protocol of this review has been registered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on five medical literature databases, namely MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), published up until 3 March 2021. In the end, six studies were eligible for inclusion, including four randomised controlled trials and two quasi-experimental studies. Version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies were used for quality assessment. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their associated 95% CIs were calculated using the fixed effects model (I2 <50%) or the random effects model (I2 ≥50%).Findings and conclusionsThe results of the meta-analysis revealed that chlorhexidine cleansing had no significant effect on neonatal sepsis (RR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.38, p=0.18, I2=0%), but significantly reduced neonatal skin bacterial colonisation (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.90, p=0.01, I2=50%). In addition, this systematic review showed that chlorhexidine cleansing could significantly reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection in neonates based on large-sample studies. However, more studies are needed to determine the optimal concentration and frequency of chlorhexidine cleansing.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021243858.
We have investigated the recollision dynamics of correlated electron from nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) with 3200 nm laser fields at a wide range of intensities using a full-dimensional classical ensemble method. The numerical results show that for the mid-infrared laser fields, the double ionization probability versus laser peak intensity still displays a much clear “traditional” knee structure representing NSDI. At low intensity, the electron momentum correlated spectrum along the laser polarization direction shows a V-shaped structure; whereas at high intensity, the spectrum exhibits a clearly cross-shaped structure. We demonstrate that both the V-shaped structure and the cross-shaped structure are the results of extremely asymmetric energy sharing of the two electrons at recollision. Moreover, the most prominent contribution to NSDI is from the second-returning trajectory and the first-returning trajectory is significantly suppressed. What’s more, the mechanism of NSDI is from recollision impact ionization (RII) channel as well as recollision-excitation-with-subsequent-ionization (RESI) channel. We find that at low intensity, only the RII channel contributes to V-shaped structure; whereas at high intensity, both the RII and RESI channels have comparable contribution to the cross-shaped structure. Further, we diagnose the recolliding electron and the bound electron separately by tracing the classical trajectories.
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