Objective: Curcumol is one of the major active ingredients isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcumae Rhizoma and is reported to exhibit various bioactivities, such as anti-tumor and anti-liver fibrosis effects. However, studies of curcumol pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution are currently lacking. This study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and protein binding rate of curcumol.Methods: Pharmacokinetics properties of curcumol were investigated afte doses of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg of curcumol for rats and a single dose of 2.0 mg/kg curcumol was given to rats via intravenous administration to investigate bioavailability. Tissue distribution was investigated after a single dose of 40 mg/kg of orally administered curcumol. Plasma protein binding of curcumol was studied in vitro via the rapid equilibrium dialysis system. Bound and unbound curcumol in rat plasma were analyzed to calculate the plasma protein binding rate. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine curcumol in rat plasma and tissues and applied to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and plasma protein binding in rats.Results: After oral administration of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg curcumol, results indicated a rapid absorption and quick elimination of curcumol in rats. The bioavailability ranging from 9.2% to 13.1% was calculated based on the area under the curves (AUC) of oral and intravenous administration of curcumol. During tissue distribution, most organs observed a maximum concentration of curcumol within 0.5–1.0 h. A high accumulation of curcumol was found in the small intestine, colon, liver, and kidney. Moreover, high protein binding rates ranging from 85.6% to 93.4% of curcumol were observed in rat plasma.Conclusion: This study characterized the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and protein binding rates of curcumol in rats for the first time, which can provide a solid foundation for research into the mechanisms of curcumol’s biological function and clinical application.
Molten salt has rapid mass transfer and nucleation process, so it can synthesize ceramic solid solution of immobilized high-level radioactive waste at low temperature. The chemical stability in the process of interaction with groundwater determines the ability of matrix phase to prevent radionuclides from entering the biosphere and the release form of radionuclides. Nd-doped ZrSiO4 ceramics with different sintering temperature (1100-1500 ℃), sintering time (3-24 h) and molar ratio of salt to oxide (3:1, 7:1 and 10:1) were prepared by molten salt method. The sintered ceramic is Zr1−xNdxSiO4−x/2, where x is the solubility of Nd in ZrSiO4. The results show that the optimum molar ratio of molten salt to oxide is 10:1, which can quickly synthesize zircon waste form at low temperature. The chemical stability test shows that the normalized leaching rate of trivalent nuclides in zircon structure is in the order of ~10−5 g·m−1·d−1, and the surface layer is dissolved. The experimental results show that zircon structure is an excellent waste form.
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