In a hydrogen network, sinks and sources are generally connected to reactors or purifiers, which affect their compositions and flow rates. The relationship between these streams is studied based on the integration of the hydrogen network to identify the feasible and optimal operating conditions of reactors and purifiers. Equations are deduced to describe the quantitative relationship between hydrogen consumption, hydrogen concentration, flow rates of coupled sink and source, purification feed, and purified product. The purification and hydrogen‐consuming reactor parameters can be optimized in the design and operation stage of a hydrogen network. The case study proves that the proposed method is simple, easy to understand, and can be applied to identify the variation trend line and feasible region accurately without tedious calculation.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the tourist’s liminal experience on a ferry and form a conceptual framework of liminal experience in the mobile liminal setting from the perspective of island tourists.
Design/methodology/approach
To address the purpose of taking the ferry from Zhoushan Island to Sijiao Island in China as the part of research, a qualitative method research design was used, including participatory observation, in-depth interviews and online data from social media.
Findings
Ferry as a mobile liminal space on the sea provides tourists to experience liminality by perceiving unique time construction, the overlap of physical and figurative space, the sense of liminal community and perceived existential authenticity, embodied spatial practices and perceived liminal benefits and costs under the specific social and cultural contexts.
Practical implications
This study proposes that tourism planners should strengthen tourists’ liminal experience on the ferry through integrated shipscape planning, including ship space planning, theme design and product development, which can make the ferry to be a meaningful place brand.
Originality/value
This study not only confirms that taking tourism public transport such as a ferry is a rite of passage for tourists before entering the island destination but also points out that public transport is a tourist attraction with time, space and social meaning for tourists.
A graphical method is proposed to
optimize the two-stage pyrolysis
gasoline (pygas) hydrogenation reactor based on the hydrogen network
integration. The relation between the hydrogen utility adjustment
(HUA) and the parameters of pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) hydrogenation
reactor in different situations is deduced based on the hydrogenation
reaction kinetics and integration of hydrogen network, and the variation
of HUA with temperature is analyzed with the proposed quantitative
diagrams. Based on this method, the temperature of first-stage and
second-stage reactors can be optimized separately or simultaneously,
and the product quality can be taken into consideration to make the
results more accurate. The case study shows that this method can identify
the optimal reaction temperature in each stage reactor accurately
under different conditions and can give significant guidance for pygas
hydrogenation unit design and improvement.
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