Five chromone glycosides were isolated from the water-soluble portions of 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata, including two new chromone glycosides 1 and 2. The structures of the chromone glycosides were identified as (3'S)-3'-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosylhamaudol (1), (2'S)-4'-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosylvisamminol (2), 3'-O-glucopyranosylhamaudol (3), 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranosylvisamminol (4), and 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (5) on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and acid hydrolysis. The cytotoxic activities of the glycosides 1 - 5 against three human cancer cell lines (PC-3, SK-OV-3, and H460) were evaluated. The result showed that compounds 1 - 5 had weak cytotoxic activities against the human cancer cell lines with IC values in the range of 48.54 ± 0.80 - 94.25 ± 1.45 μm.
Membrane fabrication methods, mechanisms, and modification of membranes for CO2 separation are discussed. Various types of membrane materials with high CO2 separation performance are summarized. Rapid prototyping can achieve precise control of the thickness of membranes and freely design the spatial structure of membranes, which provides a new development direction for material application and process combination. Hence, a critical comparison of membrane fabrication using different methods can provide a comprehensive overview on the potential of the rapid prototyping technology in membrane fabrication. This is important to demonstrate the prospects of the membrane technology development for CO2 separation.
By virtue of the rapid development of technologies in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, additive manufacturing technology enables faster production, diverse raw materials, infinite shapes and geometries for fine products as compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Among many manufacturing materials, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their wide variety, high strength, and effect of catalytic, quantum, surface and boundary. From the aspect of an industrial manufacturing process, the practical advantages of using additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate nanomaterial-incorporated membranes for gas separation are valuable. This paper reviews the potential of using additive manufacturing in the fabrication of membranes incorporated with nanomaterials for gas separation.
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