ABSTRACT:The aim of our study was to establish the relative frequency of biopsy proven tumors of central nervous system (CNS). Two hundred and forty two (242) CNS Biopsy specimens were studied in a one year period. Out of 72 CNS tumors, 66 were primary 4 were metastatic. Among 4 metastatic tumors, the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma. The most frequent type of CNS tumour was astrocytoma followed by meningioma.

ABSTRACT:The spectrum of lesions encountered in the fallopian tube, their age wise incidence and histopathology are studied. Eight hundred and forty cases where fallopian tubes were removed either separately as salpingectomy specimens or along with hysterectomy or as salpingo-ophorectomy specimens were analysed and their histopathological findings were documented. Majority of tubal specimens were normal. There is significant number of chronic nonspecific salpingitis cases. The rare cases in our study are actinomycosis and primary adenocaricnoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a common spectrum of abnormal placental villous trophoblastic proliferation that occurs in women of reproductive age group. The present study is undertaken to discuss about the epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathology diagnosis of each of the trophoblastic disease variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study included 82 cases of GTD over a period of 3 years. The H&E sections of FFPE tissue were studied. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain was done as an adjuvant in 5 cases of early complete mole. IHC with p57 kip2 was done in 6 cases of complete mole and 6 cases of partial mole. RESULTS: Hydatidiform mole (93.9%) was the most common variant of GTD with peak incidence in 21-30 years age group and more common in primigravida. There were one case of invasive mole, 2 cases of choriocarcinoma and 2 cases of persistent trophoblastic disease. Most patients of GTD were of blood group O followed by group A. Early complete mole, complete mole and partial mole were differentiated by examining H&E sections. Myxoid stroma of early complete mole showed PAS positivity. p57 was negative in all the 6 cases of complete mole. Five cases of partial mole showed positivity, but one case was negative; on review, it was diagnosed as complete mole.CONCLUSION: The study shows the high incidence of molar pregnancies in Indian women and discusses the importance and utility of IHC in hydatidiform mole pathology.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain for which a prompt diagnosis is rewarded by a marked decrease in morbidity and mortality. Right Iliac fossa pain is the hallmark of acute appendicitis until proven otherwise. Decision making in a case of acute appendicitis may be difficult, especially for junior surgeons. Hence, we aimed at analysing the Alvarado Score in patients with right iliac fossa pain.Methods: A prospective study involving 120 patients with right iliac fossa pain attending KIMS casualty during May 2015- April 2016 were included in the study. Results: The least was in the age group of 56 to 65 years (2%). Out of 120 patients, 84 were males (70%) and 36 were female (30%). The male to female ratio was 1:0.4. Patients with Alvarado score 7-9 (Group I) includes 60 male and 26 females (71% of total study group). Alvarado score 5-6 (Group II) includes 17 males,19 female (22% of total study group). Alvarado score 1-4 (Group III) includes 7 males, and 1 female (7% of total study group). In patients of Group I, among 60 males, 51 were confirmed with acute appendicitis. Among 26 females, 19 were confirmed with acute appendicitis, with a positive appendicectomy rate of 81.3% and negative appendicectomy rate 19.7%. The numbers of patients were highest in the age group 15 to 25 years (38%) followed by 36 to 45 years (30%).Conclusions: The Modified Alvarado scoring system was found to be highly effective in the diagnosis of the acute appendicitis in men and can be widely used to avoid expensive time consuming and non-readily available additional investigations. However, this system was not very effective in women. Therefore, ultra sound examination of abdomen and pelvis and diagnostic laparoscopy are also advised to minimize the high false negative rate in women which excludes common pelvic pathology that mimic clinically acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND:Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity resulting from a variety of disease processes. The present study is carried out to find out the causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone marrow examination is carried out in 120 cases of pancytopenia over a period of 3 years. Age of patients ranged from 2 to 75 years with a mean of 32 years. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. Commonest physical finding was pallor followed by splenomegaly. Dimorphic anemia was the predominant blood picture. The commonest marrow finding was megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (58.3%) followed by aplastic anemia (18.3%). Others include acute leukemia, myelodysplasia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and disseminated tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The present study shows the importance of bone marrow examination in evaluating pancytopenia and the geographical variation in the etiology as megaloblastic anemia is the predominant cause of pancytopenia in Indian subcontinent. KEYWORDS: pancytopenia, bone marrow, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia. INTRODUCTION:Pancytopenia is a disorder in which all three major formed elements of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) are decreased than normal. It is a relatively common clinicohaematological entity encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice. Manifestations of peripheral pancytopenia are due to a wide variety of disorders which primarily or secondarily affect the bone marrow. [1] The presenting symptoms are usually attributable to anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the management and prognosis of the patients. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the various causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination.