The upper oceanic thermal response induced by Tropical Cyclone Phailin (9-14 October 2013) under the influence of East India Coastal Current (EICC) and a cyclonic eddy is investigated and contrasted with the response from open ocean region using a high-resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model simulation. There is significant cooling (7 • C) inside the cold core eddy and negligible cooling (0.5 • C) within the EICC region characterized by the shallow and deeper thermocline, respectively. Our analysis of mixed layer heat budget terms showed that the horizontal advection plays a significant role in determining the temperature tendency for the location within the EICC, in contrary to the general dominance of vertical processes as reported in previous studies during the cyclone period. The analysis for the locations inside eddy and open ocean concurs with the previous studies showing the dominance of vertical processes toward the temperature tendency. Further, near the coast, the surface cooling is minimal compared to the subsurface cooling, dominantly seen between 50-and 100-m depth. This disparity indicates that the factors responsible for the surface temperature anomalies are different from those of subsurface. Our analysis of thermal signatures after the passage of cyclone showed that the EICC and cyclonic eddy contribute to the faster advection of cold wake and recovery of sea surface temperature to the prestorm state.
Tropical cyclones (hereafter TC) are among the most destructive natural phenomena, resulting in human loss and property damage within a short period (Emanuel, 2003;Frank & Husain, 1971). With recent developments in satellite observations and numerical modeling, TC's track and intensity predictions have significantly improved (Le Marshall et al., 2002;Mohanty et al., 2019). However, rapid intensification (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) storms still provide major challenges to TC intensity predictability. RI can be defined as an increase of maximum sustained wind speeds at 10 m height by at least 30 kn (15.4 m s −1 ) in 24 hr, and RW can be defined as a comparable decrease in the same time interval (Kaplan & DeMaria, 2003;Wood & Ritchie, 2015). Studies carried out by Bhatia et al. (2019) and Emanuel (2017) showed ample evidence for increased occurrences of rapidly intensifying storms in the recent past, which may reflect ongoing global warming. The storm intensity is highly dependent on the underlying oceanic state as it fuels the TC's heat engine. Thus, it is crucial to understand
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