Effect of ammonium and nitrate ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) on nutritional quality of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) with 3 cultivars were studied in hydroponics. The results indicated that, with the increasing of ammonium proportion in nutrient solution, the soluble sugar content in product organ of flowering Chinese cabbage increased gradually, but Vc content decreased gradually. Enhancement of ammonium by 25% or 50% in nutrient solution increased the soluble protein content in leaf significantly, while it increased gradually in stalk with the increasing of ammonium proportion. Free amino acids in product organ of flowering Chinese cabbage were improved significantly by enhancement of ammonium in nutrient solution. Integrated nutritional quality of flowering Chinese cabbage in 25% ammonium enhancement treatment was better than others under hydroponics condition.
Folates belong to the essential B vitamins group and participate in one-carbon metabolism. Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactilyfera L. family Arecaceae) are consumed by millions of people and are good sources of folates. To date, no detailed study has been carried out on suitable methods for folate extraction from date palm fruits. In the present study, an experimental design using response surface methodology (RSM) was used to maximize the extraction yield of folates from date palm fruits by including enzymatic depectinization. By applying this new strategy and a UHPLC-MS/MS technique for analysis, total folate and different folate vitamers of three cultivars of date palm fruits (Muzafti, Zahdi, and Rubai), brewer's yeast, and fermented date wine were analyzed. The optimized extraction conditions of folates from date palm fruits were found to be a pectinase activity of 47.7 U, an incubation temperature of 40°C, and an incubation time of 38 min, which yielded a total folate content of 191–301 μg/100 g. In brewer's yeast, the extracted total folate content was very high (4,870 μg/100 g), and, in the resulting date wine, it reached a maximum of 700 μg/L on the fifth day. The predominant folate vitamers in date fruit and fruit wine were 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF). During date palm fruit fermentation for up to 8 days, the 5-CHO-THF content gradually decreased by 20%, while 5-CH3-THF increased linearly from day 1 to day 5 (y = 0.058 x + 0.0284, R2 = 0.9614). This study shows that date palm fruit and fruit wine are excellent sources of folate, and further study can be focused on different methods to improve folate stability during wine storage.
With uncovered net as a control, the effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on growth and physiological characteristics of Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn.var. chieh-qua How.) seedling were studied. The result showed that, shading-net covering reduced light intensity and temperature, and increased air humidity of the seedling environment, compared with the control. Shading-net covering increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of Chieh-qua seedling, among which covering of blue and silver shading-nets were superior to the others. Root/shoot ratio and strong seedling index were the biggest under blue net treatment, thus it indicated that blue net covering promoted seedling haleness. Specific leaf weight of Chieh-qua seedling was reduced by covering shading-net. In addition to silver net, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content were significantly increased by another 3 covering shading-nets. Relative conductivity (RC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxydase (POD) activity of Chieh-qua seedling leaf were significantly reduced by shading-net covering. This indicated that shading-net covering in seeding nursery alleviated the stress of intensive light and high temperature, and thus increased the integrated seedling quality. Blue shading-net performed the best among all covering shading-nets.
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