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Introduction The molecular pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease (PD) remains unclear more than 250 years after its initial description. Because of this, no test is currently available to accurately predict PD progression among those affected. Aim To investigate the expression of wound healing and fibrosis-associated proteins in primary cell cultures of PD fibroblasts to determine whether altered protein expression patterns can be used as predictors of clinical course and natural history. Methods Primary cell cultures derived from normal Tunica albuginea tissue and PD plaque tissue were examined by immuno-cytochemistry. Protein expression profiles were analyzed by Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and Western immunoblotting. Main Outcome Measures Expression of wound healing and fibrosis-associated proteins and protein expression patterns were assessed. Results Statistically significant increases in smooth muscle α-actin, β-catenin, and Heat shock proteins (Hsp47) were identified in cells derived from PD relative to cells derived from normal Tunica albuginea tissue. Changes in TGFβ-1 receptor and Fibronectin were also observed. In addition, altered expression of additional as yet unidentified proteins at 4.7, 8.9, 10.8, 16.8, and 76.8 kDa were detected by complementary SELDI-TOF-MS approaches. Conclusions Primary cells derived from PD plaques display up-regulated expression of several proteins that are established components of fibrosis and wound healing. In addition, changes in other, as yet unidentified proteins were measured. It will be of interest to conduct further studies to see whether these dysregulated protein peaks represent potential biological markers of disease progression.

corpus cavernosum. Western blot analysis showed molecular changes in cavernosal tissues. Treatment groups showed tendency close to normal group, and Dual group showed most similar results with normal group (PECAM-1, eNOS, and cGMP).CONCLUSIONS: In this study, dual growth factor (bFGF and NGF) showed beneficial effects on erectile function recovery in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury compared with single growth factor injection (bFGF or NGF).