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Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptors are upregulated during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and appear to be associated with apoptosis, necrosis, and left ventricular functional deterioration.

We present measurements by deep-ultraviolet mass mapping of nucleic acid (NA) and protein for five commonly cultured and three primary cell types. The dry mass distribution at submicron resolution was determined on a single-cell basis for 250-500 cells from each of these types. Since the method carries a direct reference to a spectrophotometric standard (molar extinction coefficient), we are able to calibrate the absolute weight distributions both on a cell-to-cell basis within each type and across types. We also provide a calibration in absolute mass units for fluorescence-based measurements (flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). As might be expected the cultured cell lines show a high concentration of nucleic acids in the nuclear compartment, much larger than the genomic 2C number even in the G1 stage. The whole-cell nucleic-acid/ protein ratio was found to be a characteristic of cell lines that persists independent of cell cycle and, as a result, this ratio has some value for phenotyping. Primary chicken red blood cells (cRBC), often used as a cytometry standard, were determined to have a nuclear-isolated nucleic acid content much closer to the genomic number than the cultured cell lines (cRBC: 3.00 pg total NA, 2.30 pg DNA, and 0.70 pg RNA). The individual blastomeres (n 5 54) from mouse embryos at eight-cell stage were measured and found to vary by more than a factor or two in total protein and nucleic acid content (0.8-2.3 ng total protein, 70-150 pg total NA). The ratio of nucleic acid to protein was more nearly constant for each blastomere from a particular embryo and this ratio was found to be an identifying characteristic that varies from embryo to embryo obtained from a single flushing of a mouse. ' 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

Background Knowledge of the inhalable particulate matter components responsible for health effects is important for developing targeted regulation. Objectives In a double-blind randomized cross-over trial of controlled human exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and their endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-glucan components, we evaluated acute inflammatory responses. Methods Thirty-five healthy adults were exposed to five 130-minute exposures at rest: 1) fine CAPs (~250 μg/m3); 2) coarse CAPs (~200 μg/m3); 3) a second coarse CAPs (~200 μg/m3); 4) filtered air; and 5) medical air. Induced sputum cell counts were measured at screening and 24-hours post-exposure. Venous blood total leukocytes, neutrophils, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured pre-, 3 and 24-hours post-exposure. Results Relative to filtered air, an increase in blood leukocytes 24-hours (but not 3-hours) post-exposure was significantly associated with coarse [estimate = 0.44 × 109 cells/L (95% CI: 0.01, 0.88); n=132] and fine CAPs [0.68 × 109 cells/L (95% CI: 0.19, 1.17); n=132], but not medical air. Similar associations were found with neutrophil responses. An interquartile increase in endotoxin (5.4 ng/m3) was significantly associated with increased blood leukocytes 3-hours post-exposure [0.27 × 109 cells/L (95% CI: 0.03, 0.51); n=98] and 24-hours post-exposure [0.37 × 109 cells/L (95% CI: 0.12, 0.63); n=98]. This endotoxin effect did not differ by particle size. There were no associations with glucan concentrations or interleukin-6, CRP or sputum responses. Conclusions In healthy adults, controlled coarse and fine ambient particle exposures independently induced acute systemic inflammatory responses. Endotoxin contributes to the inflammatory role of particle air pollution.