clean and sustainable energy systems is one of the strategies of global significance. Due to the high conversion efficiency between the chemical and the electrical energy, electrochemical energy storage systems such as secondary batteries, fuel cells and super-capacitors have attracted a great deal of attention. Among them, lithium ion battery, a type of rechargeable battery, has been developed and employed worldwide at an amazing rate in portable electronic devices. [1] Nevertheless, for applications of lithium ion battery in electrical vehicles, its specific energy density and cycling ability are yet to be improved, compared with those of the conventional combustion engine. [2] To address these challenges, exploration of new electrode materials with higher capacity is essentially important. [3] The electrochemical properties of lithium ion battery depend strongly on its materials, structure and design. An electrode is fabricated by the active electrode materials, the conductive agent, and the binder on the current collector. Among the three components, the active materials determine the energy density of the electrode; the conductive agent enhances the transportation of electrons in the active materials and current collector; and the binder adheres and holds the active materials and conductive agent close with the current collector. Although employed with only small doses, whose weight is less than 5 wt% and cost less than 2% over those the entire lithium ion battery, the binder is crucial in determining the function of the battery, especially for their cycle performance. On a typical electrode, the active materials will gradually lose physical and electric contact with the current collector, without the function of binder. [4] Since the commercialization of lithium ion battery by Sony Corporation in the early 1990s, the influences of binder on the battery have been discussed and reported. [5] The main role of a binder in battery is to maintain the physical structure of electrode in the whole battery. Basically, a desirable binder of lithium ion battery should possess the following merits:(1) capability of forming a homogeneous slurry, (2) suitable adhesiveness, (3) strong ion/electron conductivity, (4) high chemical and electrochemical stability, minimal swelling and insolubility in the electrolyte and (5) cost effectiveness and Binders, though often used in small doses, play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries with high energy density. The traditional PVDF binder, which interacts with electrode materials via weak Van der Waals forces and consequently lacks the necessary capabilities (e.g., the suppression of significant volume variations, the interface maintenance etc.), could not fulfill the high demands of batteries with high energy density. Besides, extensive usage of the PVDF binder in the lithium ion battery is cost-ineffective and may raise environmental concerns as its handling often needs the assistance of organic solvents. Herein, recent progres...