Corilagin is a natural plant polyphenol tannic acid with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the mechanisms of its actions are largely unknown. Our group reported that corilagin could induce cell inhibition in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2. We report here that corilagin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development through regulating Notch signaling pathway. We found that, in vitro, corilagin inhibited CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promoted CCA cell apoptosis, and inhibited Notch1 and Notch signaling pathway protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to establish Notch intracellular domain (NICD) interaction with MAML1 and P300 in CCA. Importantly, corilagin reduced Hes1 mRNA level through inhibiting Hes1 promoter activity. In nude mice, corilagin inhibited CCA growth and repressed the expression of Notch1 and mTOR. These results indicate that corilagin may control CCA cell growth by downregulating the expression of Notch1. Therefore, our findings suggest that corilagin may have the potential to become a new therapeutic drug for human CCA.

The recently announced result by EDGES points an unexpected excess in the 21 cm global brightness temperature from cosmic dawn at z ∼ 17, potentially indicating new phenomena beyond the ΛCDM model. A generic cosmological model which allows conformal and disformal couplings between dark matter and dark energy is employed to investigate the impact on the 21cm absorption signal and understand the EDGES anomaly. After exploring a wide range of parameter space for couplings, we find that the coupling effects can lead to a moderate change in the Hubble parameter while a negligible change in the spin temperature in the early Universe. Consequently, the decrease of the Hubble parameter from the mixed conformal and disformal couplings can reproduce the 21cm absorption approximately in consistent with the EDGES result at z = 17.5. However, there is still tension in corresponding parameter space between EDGES and other cosmological observations for this model. arXiv:1807.05541v2 [astro-ph.CO]

Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves, such as binary neutron star and black hole mergers or core-collapse supernovae, can drive relativistic outflows, giving rise to non-thermal high-energy emission. High-energy neutrinos are signatures of such outflows. The detection of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from common sources could help establish the connection between the dynamics of the progenitor and the properties of the outflow. We searched for associated emission of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical transients with minimal assumptions using data from Advanced LIGO from its first observing run O1, and data from the Antares and IceCube neutrino observatories from the same time period. We focused on candidate events whose astrophysical origins could not be determined from a single messenger. We found no significant coincident candidate, which we used to constrain the rate density of astrophysical sources dependent on their gravitational-wave and neutrino emission processes.

If a fraction f dcdm of the Dark Matter decays into invisible and massless particles (so-called "dark radiation") with the decay rate (or inverse lifetime) Γ dcdm , such decay will leave distinctive imprints on cosmological observables. With a full consideration of the Boltzmann hierarchy, we calculate the decay-induced impacts not only on the CMB but also on the redshift distortion and the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, while providing detailed physical interpretations based on evaluating the evolution of gravitational potential. By using the current cosmological data with a combination of Planck 2015, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and redshift distortion measurements which can improve the constraints, we update the 1σ bound on the fraction of decaying DM from f dcdm 5.26% to f dcdm 1.99% for the short-lived DM (assuming Γ dcdm /H 0 10 4 ). However, no constraints are improved from RSD data (f dcdm 1.03%) for the long-lived DM (i.e., Γ dcdm /H 0 10 4 ). We also find the fractional DM decay can only slightly reduce the H 0 and σ 8 tensions, which is consistent with other previous works. Furthermore, our calculations show that the kSZ effect in future would provide a further constraining power on the decaying DM.

We present a search for dark photon dark matter that could couple to gravitational-wave interferometers using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run. To perform this analysis, we use two methods, one based on cross-correlation of the strain channels in the two nearly aligned LIGO detectors, and one that looks for excess power in the strain channels of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. The excess power method optimizes the Fourier transform coherence time as a function of frequency, to account for the expected signal width due to Doppler modulations. We do not find any evidence of dark photon dark matter with a mass between m A ∼ 10 −14 -10 −11 eV=c 2 , which corresponds to frequencies between 10-2000 Hz, and therefore provide upper limits on the square of the minimum coupling of dark photons to baryons, i.e., Uð1Þ B dark matter. For the cross-correlation method, the best median constraint on the squared coupling is ∼1.31 × 10 −47 at m A ∼ 4.2 × 10 −13 eV=c 2 ; for the other analysis, the best constraint is ∼2.4 × 10 −47 at m A ∼ 5.7 × 10 −13 eV=c 2 . These limits improve upon those obtained in direct dark matter detection experiments by a factor of ∼100 for m A ∼ ½2-4 × 10 −13 eV=c 2 , and are, in absolute terms, the most stringent constraint so far in a large mass range m A ∼ 2 × 10 −13 -8 × 10 −12 eV=c 2 .