Skin microdialysis is an established method for in vivo sample collection from the extracellular fluid space. This method has been extensively used in studies of inflammatory reactions in the skin of animals and humans. Skin microdialysis consists of the implantation of semi-permeable probes into the upper dermis, perfusion with a physiological buffer, and the recovery of the substances that diffused from the skin into the perfusion fluid. Microdialysis allows the simultaneous assessment of the temporal variations of inflammatory mediator release in the skin as well as the monitoring of vascular and sensory functions. By the aid of this technique, potential associations can be found between functional changes and a variety of substances and mediators released at the site of interest. This allows further insights into the possible mechanisms underlying physiological and pathophysiological events in the skin, including cutaneous inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive but not exhaustive review of the use of microdialysis in studies of experimental and clinical inflammatory reactions in the skin in animals and humans.
Microdialysis is a method that has been used for decades to recover endogenous mediators, metabolites and drugs from the interstitial space in several tissues of both animals and humans. The principle of microdialysis is the flux of compounds across a semipermeable membrane. The application of microdialysis as a method of drug delivery is a process referred to as retrodialysis, i.e. the introduction of a substance into the extracellular space via a microdialysis probe. Thus, microdialysis also offers opportunities to deliver mediators and drugs to target tissues by adding solutes to the perfusion medium. In this context, retrodialysis combines a method for minimally invasive delivery with a sampling method to study biological processes in health and disease. The aim of this review is to give insight into the use of retrodialysis by outlining examples of retrodialysis studies focusing on applications in skin in animal studies, human experimental investigations and clinical settings.
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