In addition to tackling victimization per se, allaying pupils' fears of it happening to them in the future is called for in order to address a hitherto largely overlooked correlate, and possible source, of disrupted classroom concentration.

Fifty‐nine Chimpanzees Pun troglodytes, maintained in groups, trios or pairs, were rated by multiple observers, including their keepers, on a seven‐point rating scale consisting of 28 behaviourally defined adjectives. To identify differences resulting from group size and mode of rearing, mean ratings on the 25 adjectives found to be reliable were subjected to analyses of variance and were correlated with actual group size and rearing strategy. These ratings formed the input for a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) which yielded three main components accounting for the greatest amount of variation among individuals: C1, Confident/Apprehensive; C2, SociablelSolitary; C3, Excitable/ Slow. Scores on these components were also correlated with group size. While the effects of rearing may reflect the tendency for many more of the adults to be hand‐reared, strong correlations between group size and both adjectives and component scores demonstrate that when Chimpanzees are maintained in larger groups, they are more Maternal/Paternal, Playful, Popular, Gentle, Protective, Sociable, Curious, Intelligent and Irritable, less Solitary and Slow, and have higher scores on both C2 and C3.

HomeNetToo is a longitudinal field study designed to examine the antecedents and consequences of home Internet use in low-income families. Participants included 140 children, mostly 13-year-old African American (83%) boys (58%), living in single-parent households (75%) where the median annual income was $15,000 (USD). This report focuses on children's Internet activities, socio-demographic characteristics related to their Internet activities, and the relationship between academic performance and Internet activities. Overall, findings indicate that low-income children initially use the Internet primarily for entertainment. As home Internet use loses its novelty children become more focused in their Internet activities, reducing the number of websites they visit and visiting more websites targeted to their specific interests. Pornography websites are popular initially, especially among boys, but their popularity decreases dramatically after 3 months. Age, race, and sex have little influence on which websites are most popular. Academic performance predicts subsequent Internet activities, and Internet activities predict subsequent academic performance. Directions for future research to identify mechanisms that mediate the relationship between Internet activities and academic performance and implications for the digital divide are discussed.

No abstract

Factors predicting the emotional well-being of adult siblings of those with developmental disability (DD) remain under-researched. In this study adult siblings of individuals with Down's syndrome (DS), autism (ASD), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and those with DD but with unknown aetiology (DUA) were compared with each other and a closely-matched control group to ascertain if sibling disability type made a difference to anxiety and/or depression levels. Also considered was the interactive effect of gender, age, parental and sibling educational attainment levels, socio-economic status and birth order on anxiety and depression outcomes. With the exception of siblings of those with DS, adult siblings of those with ASD, PWS and DUA reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than the control group. There were some predictive effects of the demographic variables upon anxiety and depression but none common to all disability types and no moderating effects of demographic factors were found. Consequently other solutions must be found as to why this important group of people have elevated rates of anxiety and depression in comparison to the general population.