Background-Strongyloidiasis infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is an important cause of mortality from intestinal helminth infection in developed countries. The persistence of infection, increasing international travel, lack of familiarity by healthcare providers, and potential for iatrogenic hyperinfection, all make strongyloidiasis an important emerging infection.

Candida albicans may be isolated in up to 80% of infants with perineal skin irritation that persists for 3 or more days. 7 Children with diaper dermatitis are more likely to be colonized with yeast in the perianal, inguinal, and oral regions compared to unaffected children. 8 The exact role that gastrointestinal colonization with C albicans has on the development or recurrence of diaper dermatitis is unknown. 9 Conditions that are known to increase the likelihood of secondary yeast infection include antibiotic administration, immunodeficiencies, and diabetes mellitus.Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococci can cause eruptions in the diaper area. S aureus colonization is more likely in children with atopic dermatitis and in children with diaper rash versus those without diaper rash. 8 Other bacteria that can lead to inflammation of the vagina and surrounding tissues (vulvovaginitis) include Shigella, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica.

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Dent disease is an X-linked proximal tubulopathy that typically presents with hypercalciuria, low-molecular-weight proteinuria and slow progression to endstage renal disease. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with asymptomatic nephrotic range proteinuria and was later diagnosed with Dent disease. Absence of specific glomerular pathology in the first kidney biopsy led to erroneous treatment for presumably unsampled primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Aggressive angiotensin blockade and immunosuppression resulted in significant side effects with marginal benefit. The continued nonspecific findings after a second kidney biopsy 2 years later led to the suspicion of a congenital tubulopathy. We detected a novel CLCN5 gene mutation, c.1396G > C, that creates a G466R missense change in the ClC-5 protein. Dent disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic proteinuria for male patients. Profiling proteinuria in these patients by spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio may give the first clue to a tubulopathy. Determining the extent to which the clinical work-up should proceed for females with Dent phenotype or asymptomatic proteinuria remains to be a challenging clinical dilemma.