This study compared the coping strategies, psychological stressors, and adjustment of 40 elderly male veterans with diabetic retinopathy and 40 with vision loss from other causes. The presence of diabetes, the recent onset of vision loss, coping by escape-avoidance, blaming oneself, and the absence of planful problem solving were associated with difficulties in daily activities, a diminished sense of well-being, and symptoms of depression. The psychological symptoms were usually of mild severity.
There were 53 women (35 bulimics and 18 normal controls) who were compared on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory, the Symptom Checklist‐90R, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The bulimics were separated into two groups, high (N = 18) and low (N = 17) frequency purgers, based upon a median split self‐monitored purging data. Bulimics who purged less than 3 times per week (M = 1.71) were classified as low frequency purgers, and those who purged more than 3 times per week (M = 9.94) were classified as high frequency purgers. Comparisons of the three groups showed that both groups of bulimics differed from normals on measures of depression, but on other measres, i. e., anxiety interpersonal sensitivity and sociopathic trait, only the high frequency purgers differed from normals. Correlational analyses indicated that these same variables, and especially depression, were positively correlated with purging, suggesting that severity of bulimia may be associated with additional psychopathology. These findings were discussed in terms of the existing literature concerning the psychopathology of bulimia.
The present investigation evaluated the readability of a selected group of inventories frequently employed in assessing various aspects of sexual and marital functioning. The nine inventories selected are: the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Relationship Belief Inventory, the Sexual Arousability Inventory, the Sexual Behavior Inventories (female, male, and couple versions), and the Sexual Interaction Inventory. The approach of Forbes and Cottle was utilized to assess reading level because it uses vocabulary difficulty and does not require complete sentences. The results indicated that a college-level reading ability was necessary to comprehend many of the items contained in most of the inventories. Thus, caution must be exercised when administering such inventories to individuals with a low level of educational attainment in order to avoid unreliable and invalid test results.
Married female undergraduates were asked to provide ratings of the acceptability of two treatment components commonly used within the framework of behavioral marital therapy. The study compared subjects' evaluations of detailed taped descriptions of behavioral exchange/contracting procedures and communication/problem-solving skills training as they were applied to two hypothetical clinical marital cases. The study also evaluated the extent to which the severity of the marital problems influenced treatment acceptability evaluation. Communication/problem-solving skills training was judged as more acceptable than behavioral exchange/contracting procedures and received a higher score on the Evaluative and Potency dimensions of the Semantic Differential. Judgments of treatment Potency were also found to be influenced by idiosyncratic features of the cases described in association with problem severity. Implications and directions for future research are briefly discussed.
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