Objective
To test the hypothesis that a combination of PP13, PAPP-A and first-trimester uterine artery Doppler would improve the prediction of preeclampsia.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women followed from the first-trimester to delivery. PP13 and PAPPA were determined by immunoassay of maternal serum at 11 – 14 weeks’, when uterine artery Doppler measurements were assessed. Cases identified with any form of preeclampsiawere compared with a control group without preeclampsia. The sensitivity of each marker or their combinations in predicting preeclampsia for different fixed false positive rates was calculated from the ROC curves.
Results
Forty two women were diagnosed with preeclampsia and 410 women with pregnancies not complicated by preeclampsia were used as controls. For a fixed false positive rate (FPR) of 20%, PP13, PAPP-A and mean uterine artery pulsatility index identified 49%, 58% and 62% respectively, of women who developed any form of preeclampsia. PP13 was best in predicting early onset preeclampsia with a sensitivity of 79% at a 20% FPR.Combinations of the three first trimester assessments did not improve the prediction of preeclampsia in later pregnancy.
Conclusion
First-trimester PP13, PAPP-A and uterine artery PI are reasonable, individual predictors of women at risk to develop preeclampsia. Combinations of these assessments do not further improve the prediction of preeclampsia
Objective
We tested the hypothesis that first-trimester metabolic biomarkers offered a unique profile in women with preeclampsia (PE) in the second half of pregnancy, compared to controls.
Method
We conducted a nested-case control study within a prospective cohort of pregnant women followed from the first-trimester to delivery. Cases were those who developed PEat any gestational age and these were compared with a control group without adverse pregnancy outcome, matched for gestational age within three days. We analyzed maternal blood obtained at 11–14 weeks’ gestation for 40 acylcarnitine species (C2-C18 saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxylated) and 32 amino acids by LC tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression modeling estimated the association of each metabolite with development ofPE.
Results
We compared 41 cases with preeclampsia with 41 controls, and found four metabolites (Hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine, alanine, phenylalanine, and glutamate) that were significantly higher in the cases withPE. The area under the curve (AUC) using these metabolites individually to predict PE varied from 0.77–0.80; and when combined, the AUC improved to 0.82(95% CI 0.80–0.85) for all cases of PEand 0.85 (95% CI 0.76–0.91) for early onsetPE.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest a potential role for first-trimester metabolomics in screening for PE.
Prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with an increased risk of delayed lactogenesis II. Women who are at risk for delay in lactogenesis II and early breastfeeding cessation will need targeted interventions and support for them to achieve their personal breastfeeding goals.
Our findings provide evidence linking placental pathology with suboptimal secretion of analytes in the first trimester in pregnancies with adverse outcomes, especially PE.
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