The aim of this study was to demonstrate convincing evidence that percutaneous breast biopsy may result in displacement of malignant cells that can initiate tumor growth at a separate anatomic site, other than the index lesion. Two patients with malignancy diagnosed by percutaneous breast biopsy were followed up with subsequent imaging. The observation of displaced cells initiating subsequent malignant growth was compared retrospectively with the previous year's outcomes following percutaneous breast biopsy. Two cases of displaced malignant cells resulting in malignant growth at a separate site along the biopsy needle track were demonstrated by imaging. During the preceding year, 1644 biopsies with 298 malignant results were compared with the outcomes of these two patients, resulting in a 0.7% incidence of malignant seeding. No identifiable factors could be identified to predict under what conditions this iatrogenic complication occurs. Although uncommon, percutaneous breast biopsy can result in malignant seeding, and raises issues regarding informed consent and proper subsequent treatment.
The complex cation [Pd(tacn),]2+ (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) shows a one-electron oxidation at €+ = +0.07 V vs. Fc/Fc+ (ferrocene/ferrocinium) to afford the stable mononuclear Pd"1 species [Pd(tacn),]3+, which has a tetragonally-distorted octahedral structure with Pd-N(l) = 2.180(9), Pd-N(4) = 2.1 18(9), Pd-N(7) = 2.1 1 l(9) A.
Sonographic mammography is a diagnostic tool used in conjunction with radiographic mammography. It is economically advantageous to utilize existing equipment versus purchasing a dedicated breast scanner. This article reviews the diagnostic contributions that can be made by real-time examinations of palpable breast masses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of using a real-time unit versus a dedicated scanner. Two hundred eighty-eight patients were scanned after radiographic mammography; scanning provided additional information that contributed to the diagnosis. Four types of lesions are discussed and demonstrated: lesions in a dense breast, lesions indeterminate on radiographic mammography, probable cystic lesions, and palpable lesions for which aspiration has failed.
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