To reduce nurses' ITLorg, nursing administrators may offer more focused interventions to improve the supportive milieu with job security and professional recognition, work arrangement and workload, work or home life balance, and nursing staffing and patient care.

Background: The Rwanda Human Resources for Health Program (HRH Program) is a 7-year (2012-2019) health professional training initiative led by the Government of Rwanda with the goals of training a large, diverse, and competent health workforce and strengthening the capacity of academic institutions in Rwanda. Methods: The data for this organizational case study was collected through official reports from the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MoH) and 22 participating US academic institutions, databases from the MoH and the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) in Rwanda, and surveys completed by the co-authors. Results: In the first 5 years of the HRH Program, a consortium of US academic institutions has deployed an average of 99 visiting faculty per year to support 22 training programs, which are on track to graduate almost 4600 students by 2019. The HRH Program has also built capacity within the CMHS by promoting the recruitment of Rwandan faculty and the establishment of additional partnerships and collaborations with the US academic institutions. Conclusion: The milestones achieved by the HRH Program have been substantial although some challenges persist. These challenges include adequately supporting the visiting faculty; pairing them with Rwandan faculty (twinning); ensuring strong communication and coordination among stakeholders; addressing mismatches in priorities between donors and implementers; the execution of a sustainability strategy; and the decision by one of the donors not to renew funding beyond March 2017. Over the next 2 academic years, it is critical for the sustainability of the 22 training programs supported by the HRH Program that the health-related Schools at the CMHS significantly scale up recruitment of new Rwandan faculty. The HRH Program can serve as a model for other training initiatives implemented in countries affected by a severe shortage of health professionals.

The study provides important information to nurse administrators about the aspects of QWL that most commonly lead nurses to leave their units, organisations, and even the profession itself.

Objective:to assess the situation of nursing education and to analyze the extent to which baccalaureate level nursing education programs in Latin America and the Caribbean are preparing graduates to contribute to the achievement of Universal Health.Method:quantitative, descriptive/exploratory, cross-sectional study carried out in 25 countries. Results:a total of 246 nursing schools participated in the study. Faculty with doctoral level degrees totaled 31.3%, without Brazil this is reduced to 8.3%. The ratio of clinical experiences in primary health care services to hospital-based services was 0.63, indicating that students receive more clinical experiences in hospital settings. The results suggested a need for improvement in internet access; information technology; accessibility for the disabled; program, faculty and student evaluation; and teaching/learning methods. Conclusion:there is heterogeneity in nursing education in Latin America and the Caribbean. The nursing curricula generally includes the principles and values of Universal Health and primary health care, as well as those principles underpinning transformative education modalities such as critical and complex thinking development, problem-solving, evidence-based clinical decision-making, and lifelong learning. However, there is a need to promote a paradigm shift in nursing education to include more training in primary health care.

A collaborative primary health care service demonstration program was conducted to improve diabetes care among limited English-proficient (LEP) Latino patients. The intervention provided a multilevel approach aimed at patients and health care providers: Community health workers (CHWs) were mobilized to offer diabetes education in Spanish to LEP Latino diabetes patients, and health professions students and providers were offered intensive Spanish language training and cultural competency workshops. Positive outcomes for patients included a significant decrease in HbA1c. Health care providers reported improved patient communication and greater appreciation for cultural influences on health. Collaborating institutions realized ongoing benefits from expansion of CHWs' role and incorporation of cultural and language classes into health professions students' and house officers' training programs. Lessons learned included the importance of working together at every stage to identify and provide for the CHWs' training and support needs and to link the program's intervention with evaluation of multilevel outcomes.

This study aims to determine the contributing factors for early childhood overweight/obesity within the contexts of the child's home, school, and community, and to determine how much each of the ecological contexts contributes to childhood overweight/obesity. The framework was developed from Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Data for 2,100 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, were used in a series of multilevel modeling analyses. There was significant variation in childhood overweight/obesity by school and community. The majority of variation in childhood overweight/obesity was explained by the child and family factors in addition to school and community factors. Explained variance of childhood overweight/obesity at the school level was 27% and at the community level, 2%. The variance composition at children's family level alone was 71%. Therefore, overweight/obesity prevention efforts should focus primarily on child, family, and school factors and then community factors, to be more effective.

Family functioning is influenced by socioeconomic status, culture, family structure, and developmental stage, and is assessed primarily using instruments developed for middle‐income European American two‐parent families. These instruments may not validly assess low‐income African American single‐parent families. This qualitative study was conducted to provide rich descriptions of families and family functioning in order to inform research on this underrepresented group. Interviews were conducted with 20 low‐income African American single mothers and 20 adult family members recruited from a large midwestern city. Content analysis revealed the essential dimensions of family functioning: Effective families provide emotional nurturing, communicate, do things together, help each other, and parent children appropriately.

Health workers have high potential as HIV prevention leaders, but health system and individual barriers limit their impact. This descriptive qualitative study identified the HIV prevention needs of rural health workers to use as a basis for tailoring an HIV/AIDS risk-reduction intervention. Data included interviews with 9 health administrators, 22 focus groups with 200 health workers, and 12 observations of caregivers in two rural districts. Health system barriers identified included lack of essential supplies, staff shortages, overcrowded facilities, and lack of training. Individual barriers included hopelessness, stigmatizing attitudes, knowledge gaps, and risky personal behaviors. Health workers also expressed willingness to be HIV prevention leaders and role models. Most results agree with previous African studies. Personal risky behaviors and willingness to be HIV prevention leaders have not been previously reported. Results provide insights for developing effective interventions and health policies to address health workers' HIV prevention needs.