Objectives: This paper aimed to optimize some essential nutritional components (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate) of fermentation medium necessary for the production of antibacterial metabolites from Streptomyces sp. Materials and Methods:Streptomyces sp. LH9 previously isolated from desert soil in Karbala Province, Iraq. This strain produced antibiotic against 4 pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalagtiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For optimizing, the essential nutritional requirements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate in fermentation media different concentrations of these sources were used to improve the antibacterial metabolite production.Results: All the studied nutritional parameters were had impacts on the antibacterial metabolite production from Streptomyces sp. LH9. The actinobacterial strain produced a highest antibiotic metabolites when was grown in the fermentation medium supplemented with 2% dextrose (as a sole carbon source), 0.05% peptone (as a sole nitrogen source), and 0.05% K 2 HPO 4 at pH 7 and incubated under optimal conditions; at 30°C with 250 rpm (revolutions/min) agitation for 7 days.Conclusion: Streptomyces sp. LH9 was a good producer for antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which required simple nutritional supplements in the fermentation medium. Furthermore, could be utilized the industrial waste for improving the production in the most economic manner.

One hundred wound swab samples were collected from wound patients who visited in the Teaching Hospital wound unit in Hillah, Babylon province, Iraq. S. aureus was identified morphologically and biochemically. Total of 30 (30%) from total samples exhibited positive culture for S. aureus. Out of 30 S. aureus, 8 (26.6%) isolates were MRSA, Antibiotic susceptibility was tested for 8 antibiotics for MRSA that appeared sensitive toward Tetracycline, Rifampin and Ciprofloxacin (62.5%) but (37.5%) were resistant. For PenicillinG and Cefoxitin, all isolates were resistant (100%). For Clindamycin, (25%) of isolates were resistant but (75%) were sensitive. About (62.5%) were resistant to Erythromycin but (37.5%) were sensitive. Isolates showed resistance to Gentamycin in 50% and 50% sensitive. Anti-bacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) against S. aureus displays excessive widespread spectrum antibacterial action against established bacteria with increase zone of inhibition diameter that is proportional with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. The (MIC of CuO NPs ranged from 75-150μg/ml and the MBC ranged from 150-300μg/ml. CuO NPs is recommended as an efficient anti-MRSA alternative.

Objectives: The paper aimed to isolate Streptomyces strain having the ability to produce antibacterial metabolites and optimize some environmental parameters for excellent antibiotic production.Methods: Different soil samples were collected from extreme environments of desert regions at Karbala Province, Iraq. Actinomycetes were isolated using different media. The primary screening for antibacterial production was accomplished, and the antibacterial activities were tested against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most potent strain was chosen for optimizing some of environmental parameters to increase the bioactive metabolite production. Different parameters were studied such as culture media, temperature, pH, and agitation rate.Results: About eight Streptomyces strains were isolated from soil samples. All isolates appeared variable levels of antibiotic productions against Grampositive and negative pathogenic bacteria, and the best one was Streptomyces sp. LHR 9. The antibacterial metabolite production from Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 was affected by various cultural parameters. Glucose soybean meal broth as a fermentation medium at pH 7 yielded the highest antibiotic production under the optimal fermentation conditions, including the temperature at 35°C with 200 rpm (revolution/min) agitation rate and 7 days incubation period. Conclusion:The Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria. It may consider as a potential source of drug production. Further study needs to purification and characterization of antibiotic and analyzes the mechanism for the antimicrobial activity of this bioactive compound.

The evaluation of in-vitro anti-Candida activity was done for Ricinus communism leaves extracts which are yielded by the extraction with different organic solvents (methanol, chloroform, and a combination of these solvents((1:1; v/v); methanol/chloroform)) against four Candida species(tropicalis, kefyr, glabrata, and albicans) by agar well diffusion method. In the present study, the results showed that all tested extracts possessed anti-Candida activity against all examined strains, but the leaves extracted by a combination of methanol and chloroform exhibited the best anti-Candida potentiality when compared with methanol or chloroform solvent which is separately used in the extraction process, in addition to that the anti-Candida activity of all leaves extracts was varied depending on the Candida species susceptibility and the concentration of the extract which used in every treatment, in addition to that the minimum inhibitory concentrations data of the combined solvents extract were (13, 18, 22, and 24% for Candida glabrata, tropicalis, kefyr, and albicans respectively.

Liver toxic is an acute effect of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) Consequently, we investigated how paracetamol toxicity affected liver cell enzymes in this study aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanin aminotransferase catalyzes (GPT), Glutation (GSH(  and total protein ,glucose , liver and body weight of male rats  that drenched  Anethum graveolens (Dill) . were used in this research 40 adult male rats, weight 172-311 gm, age  8-12  weeks, isolated in a environment at temperature 25ºC in an animal house in university of karbala ,They were given food,  male rats were divided into four groups (G). (G1) the control group has gaves the food and normal saline 0,9% only,  (G2) injection of paracetamol 500 mg/kg body weight (B.W). (G3) injection  100 mg/kg B.W A. graveolen extract + 500 mg/kg B.W of paracetamol. (G4) given 150mg/kg B.W of flavonoid compound extracted + 500 mg/kg B.W of paracetamol. The present study found ability of Dill and flavonoid extract to antioxidant and protective liver enzyme against the paracetamol  overdose by significant decrease GPT, GOT, glucose.