The responses of 361 college students to the Jenkins Activity Survey and a self-report sleep questionnaire were used to demonstrate an inverse relationship between normal habitual sleep duration and level of Type A behavior. The possibility that patterns of sleep may be implicated in the development of Type A behavior in some individuals was considered. 185This paper reports a correlation between response to the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and self-reported normal habitual sleep duration that may provide further insight into the processes underlying the development of Type A behavior. Our research was the outgrowth of an attempt to resolve an apparent conflict between the results of two sets of studies (Hartmann, Baekeland, & Zwilling, 1972; Webb & Friel, 1971) in which the relationships between extremes in normal habitual sleep duration (l.e., short and long sleepers) and certain aspects of personality had been correlated. To elaborate, Webb and Friel attempted to prove the null hypothesis for personality differences between short and long sleepers, with "personality" defined by a battery of tests that included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Personality Inventory, the Zung Depression Scale, and the Cornell Medical Index.While, in their first study, Hartmann et al. (1972) did find differences between short and long sleepers on some of the subtests of the scales used by Webb and Friel (1971), that aspect of their data was not replicated in subsequent research (Spinweber & Hartmann, 1976) . However, in the aforementioned studies, Hartmann and his colleagues collected both interview and clinical behavioral rating data from their short and long sleepers. With those measures (i.e., with data not considered by Webb and Friel), Hartmann et al. found, and replicated, a fairly pronounced pattern of personality differences between short and long sleepers. Essentially, Hartmann et al. (1972) described the short sleepers as efficient, energetic, ambitious, but "preprogrammed," nonworriers who tended to "avoid problems by keeping busy and by denial which in We are grateful to David C. Glass for providing a copy of the JAS and the scoring key, to Signe Gary for her help in preparing the manuscript, and to the San Jose State University Foundation for providing funds for this research. Reprints may be obtained from
In this study, we attempted to maximize the likelihood of replicating Bakan's (1971, 1977a) observations that left-handedness was more probable in college students who were the progeny of "high-risk" births. To do this, the relationships between handedness and a combination of factors known to be associated with birth risk were computed. The observed relationships proved to be trivial and thus the validity of Bakan's hypothesis was questionned.
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