The addition of beneficial nutrients as silicon (Si) has become a concern in rice cultivation in some countries. However, it is not fully adopted in Indonesia. It is known that Si plays an important role on improving plant resistance on biotic and abiotic stresses. A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of rice plant growth on Si addition in Oxisols. A completely randomized design was set with eight treatments as varying Si rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 kg SiO2 ha−1) and three replications. Some variables were observed as plant height, number of tillers, stem strength, lodging resistance, biomass and yield components. Related to stem strength and lodging resistance, the observation was conducted prior to harvest. The results showed that initial soil Si available was 264 mg SiO2 kg−1 and categorized below the critical level. Si application showed significant effect on increasing number of tillers, stem strength, lodging resistance and the yield which occurred at 700 kg SiO2 ha−1 treatments. The rice yield increase by 34.66% at 700 kg SiO2 ha−1 treatments compared to control. This current result showed that addition of Si fertilizer has showed the effect on improving rice growth and yield in Oxisols.
Sulfur is a secondary soil macro nutrients needed by plants as the most important part of the essential amino acids (cystine and methionine), protein synthesis, chlorophyll production and carbohydrate metabolism. The research aimed to study the land productivity improvement of Vertisol rice field by controlling the sulfur nutrient. The study was conducted in Dawu, Paron, and Guyung, Gerih, Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia, during the dry season 2013 and 2014. A randomized complete block design, with eight treatments and three replications were applied. The treatments were some rates of S-fertilizer application combined with in situ straw compost, ZA and Kieserit. Experimental plots dimension is 6 m x 5 m. Ciherang and Membramo were rice varieties grown in legowo 2:1 system. The results showed that S-fertilizer application can increase the weight of dry grain harvest and dry grain milled. The optimum doses of S-fertilizer were 24 kg S ha -1 . Kieserit application resulted in less grain yield than ZA. Manure can increase the weight of dry grain harvest and tend to increase the weight of dry milled grain compared to those of the control treatments.
Soil-forming factors strongly influence soil diversity in Indonesia. Indonesia is rich in variations of tropical soil types that have distinctive characteristics. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is an indicator of the soil ability to absorb and supply nutrients so that CEC is used as an index of soil chemical fertility. The factors that affected CEC are the amount of clay texture, organic matter content, and pH. In standard method, CEC is obtained by ammonium acetate 1 N pH 7 method, while the distribution of soil pH in Indonesia is very diverse from pH 4 to pH 8. Also, there are differences in factors that affect CEC, causing the CEC values to be biased or does not reflect the real conditions. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best soil CEC extraction method. 97 soil samples were analyzed with 1 N ammonium acetate extract pH 4.8, pH 6.0, pH 7.0, and compulsive cation exchange extraction method. The result showed that the ammonium acetate pH 7.0 method had a significant correlation to other methods and to pH (H2O). The ammonium acetate pH 7.0 method could be applicated for acidic and alkaline soil.
The global demand for rice continues to increase due to population growth. In Indonesia, various innovations have been implemented for improving rice production, while magnesium silicate fertilizer application is still limited. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Mg and Si (MgSi Fert) on rice growth and productivity. This study was conducted at Luhur Jaya Village, Cipanas District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province in a rainy season. A randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications was set. The treatment was MgSi Fert with multiple dosages. Results showed that NPK fertilizer combined with 100 kg ha−1 MgSi fertilizer gave the highest yield. Based on the quadratic equation y = - 0.1301x2 + 28.812x + 5,474.2, it was known that highest slope on the equation was reached at dosage less than 150 kg ha−1 of MgSi Fert. The optimum dosage of MgSi Fert for Ciherang rice variety was achieved at 110 kg ha−1 with yield as 7.07 t ha−1. This present study showed that MgSi Fert application improved rice growth and yield.
Plants absorb silicon (Si) from soil solution in the form of monosilicic acid, also called orthosilicic acid (H 4 SiO 4 ). Application of organic and inorganic materials containing readily soluble Si can increase Si supply in the soil and its uptake by plant. The study aimed to evaluate the release of Si from organic and inorganic material sources and its uptake by rice plant. The released phosphorus (P) from those materials was also evaluated. The inorganic materials evaluated included fly ash, steel slag, silica gel and Japanese silica gel (JSG), while the organic materials consisted of rice husk ash (RHA), rice husk burnt (RHB), media of mushroom (MM), cacao shell biochar (cacao SB) and rice straw compost (RSC). The dynamics of Si and P were observed by periodical samplings at 7, 17, 24 and 34 days after transplanting (DAT). Tiller number and plant height were measured at 16, 21 and 36 DAT. The results showed that Si concentration in solution derived from inorganic material was highest for JSG followed by silica gel (1.107 and 0.806 mmol L -1 , respectively). The release of Si from organic material was higher for RHB and RHA (0.618 and 0.539 mmol L -1 , respectively). Cacao SB, silica gel, JSG and RHB significantly increased plant height at 36 DAT. Meanwhile, Si materials did not significantly affect the tiller number. Of the materials used, steel slag and JSG significantly affected Si uptake by rice plant.[Keywords: rice, silicate materials, silicon, silicon uptake]
ABSTRAK
Tanaman menyerap silikon dari larutan tanah dalam bentuk asam monosilikat, yang juga disebut asam ortosilikat (H 4 SiO4
Globally, industrial waste such as fly ash, bottom ash, and slag in the thermal power energy, steel, and coal industry has been known as potential soil ameliorant and silica fertilizer. However, the use of those materials as ameliorant or Si fertilizer should consider negative environmental impact. Therefore, to use that material in Indonesia need to deal with the regulation and to prove its positive effect on the soil and plant. One innovative idea for recycling industrial waste is to use those raw materials to produce high purity Si as fertilizer. The objective of this research was to improve the solubility of Si from industrial waste material using a sol-gel technique. High purity of Si from materials was prepared using an acid and base solution. Two kinds of materials were selected to produce high purity Si, namely: bottom ash and fly ash. Silicon concentration of material before and after treatments were extracted by using two extraction method, namely: Na2CO3/NH4NO3 and 0.5 M HCl. The results show that the Si concentration of materials was higher with the sol-gel technique compared to Si concentration before treatment. In summary, this study provides an effective method to produce available Si from waste material.
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