The Mn-based oxides including MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, MnO2, CoMn2O4, ZnMn2O4and their carbonaceous composite/oxide supports with different morphologies and compositions as anode materials are reviewed.
There is a great interest in the utilization of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, its poor cycling stability, which is caused by a dramatic volume change during lithium-ion intercalation, and intrinsic low electric conductivity hamper its industrial applications. A facile strategy is reported here to fabricate graphene oxide-immobilized NH2-terminated silicon nanoparticles (NPs) negative electrode (Si@NH2/GO) directed by hydrogen bonding and cross-linked interactions to enhance the capacity retention of the anode. The NH2-modified Si NPs first form strong hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds with GO. The Si@NH2/GO composite further forms hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds with sodium alginate, which acts as a binder, to yield a stable composite negative electrode. These two chemical cross-linked/hydrogen bonding interactions-one between NH2-modified Si NPs and GO, and another between the GO and sodium alginate-along with highly mechanically flexible graphene oxide, produced a robust network in the negative electrode system to stabilize the electrode during discharge and charge cycles. The as-prepared Si@NH2/GO electrode exhibits an outstanding capacity retention capability and good rate performance, delivering a reversible capacity of 1000 mAh g(-1) after 400 cycles at a current of 420 mA g(-1) with almost 100% capacity retention. The results indicated the importance of system-level strategy for fabricating stable electrodes with improved electrochemical performance.
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