Background Ocular changes are traditionally associated with only a few hepatobiliary diseases. These changes are non-specific and have a low detection rate, limiting their potential use as clinically independent diagnostic features. Therefore, we aimed to engineer deep learning models to establish associations between ocular features and major hepatobiliary diseases and to advance automated screening and identification of hepatobiliary diseases from ocular images.Methods We did a multicentre, prospective study to develop models using slit-lamp or retinal fundus images from participants in three hepatobiliary departments and two medical examination centres. Included participants were older than 18 years and had complete clinical information; participants diagnosed with acute hepatobiliary diseases were excluded. We trained seven slit-lamp models and seven fundus models (with or without hepatobiliary disease [screening model] or one specific disease type within six categories [identifying model]) using a development dataset, and we tested the models with an external test dataset. Additionally, we did a visual explanation and occlusion test. Model performances were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and F1* score.

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17 samples, including 16 coal-seam samples and one parting, were collected from 4 mines in Ningdong Coalfield, west Ordos Basin, China. Maceral, mineralogy and geochemistry of them were studied by using of optical microscope, LTA-XRD (low temperature ashing-X-ray diffraction), XRF (Xray fluorescence), and ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The results indicate that Ningdong Jurassic coal is a medium volatile bituminous coal, with medium-ash, medium-sulfur and low-mediumcalorific. The vitrinite of them is much higher, while the inertinite and liptinite are less, than that of other Early-Middle Jurassic in Ordos Basin. The minerals consist of abundant of quartz, kaolinite, illite, albite, and trace of chamosite, calcite, pyrite. Kaolinite, illite, chamosite, quartz, and albite are origin from weathering productions of gneiss, granulite and granite in Helan Moutain. The coals are enriched by Na 2 O, MgO, K 2 O, MnO, Ga, Cr, Rb, Sr, Cd, and Ba in comparison with Chinese average abundances of elements in coals. The major carriers Na 2 O, MgO, K 2 O are clay minerals and albite. The hazardous trace elements, Cd and Cr occur in organic matter and clay mineral, respectively. The rare metals, Ga and Rb are associated with clay mineral. The medium REY are enriched in the coal.

Fourteen samples of No. 6 coal seam were obtained from the Chuancaogedan Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. The samples were analyzed by optical microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) methods. The minerals mainly consist of kaolinite, pyrite, quartz, and calcite. The results of XRF and ICP-MS analyses indicate that the No. 6 coals from Chuancaogedan Mine are higher in Al 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , Zn, Sr, Li, Ga, Zr, Gd, Hf, Pb, Th, and U contents, but have a lower SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, compared to common Chinese coals. The contents of Zn,

In order to study the relationship between trace element concentrations and coalforming environment in the No. 6 Coal, Haerwusu Mine, Inner Mongolia, China, 39 bench samples were taken from the opencast mine, following Chinese Standard Method GB/T 482-2008. The samples were analyzed by an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS). The results indicate that the average contents of vitrinite, inertinite, liptinite are 54.59%, 34.84% and 5.8%, respectively. The concentrations of Li and Ga in the No. 6 coal are higher than those of in world coals, and most of trace elements in the No. 6 coal are correlated with minerals, which are mainly clay minerals, carbonate minerals and sulfide minerals. Two samples were identified as dry forest swamp facies (FtM I), 19 samples as shallow water forest swamp facies (FtM II), and 13 samples as reed swamp facies (RM). Compared with the average contents of world coals, trace elements in No. 6 coal of Haerwusu mine are rich in Li and V, while contents of the other elements are close or lower than the average contents of world coals. However, the variations of CC (Concentration Coefficients) among each swamp type are small and irregular, which may indicate that the concentration of the selected trace elements in the coal is mainly dominated by regional coal-forming environment, not coal-forming microenvironment.

Periodic flooding of trees in tropical floodplains and reservoirs where water levels fluctuate is a common phenomenon. The effects of flooding and subsequent recovery on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth responses of Melaleuca alternifolia seedlings, a tall shrub species used in floodplain and reservoir forest restoration in southern China, were studied during a grow season (from March to December in 2007). M. alternifolia seedlings were flooded for 180 days, drained and left to recover for another 60 days. Survival rates of the seedlings were 100% during the 180-day flooding period. Chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (P N ), stomatal conductance (g s ), and transpiration rate (E) of the flooded seedlings were all significantly lower than those of the control. Significant reductions of photochemical quenching coefficient (q p ) and increases of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in the flooded seedlings were observed. However, there were no significant differences in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F v /F m ) between treatments. All seedlings survived during the two-month recovery period after the flooded treatment was drained, and the biomass and height of the recovered seedlings approached those of the control at the end of the experiment. During the first-month recovery period, Chl content, P N , g s and E in the recovered seedlings were all obviously low, then increased gradually and rose to the levels similar to the control by the end of the experiment. Quenching analysis revealed significant reductions of q p and increments of NPQ in the recovered seedlings at the beginning of draining, and a nearly complete recovery for both parameters by the end of the experiment. However, F v /F m of the recovered seedlings did not differ significantly from the control during the recovery period. Our study demonstrated that M. alternifolia seedlings can survive and grow through 180 days of flooding with a subsequent 60-day recovery period in drained conditions, indicating that seedlings of this species would be suitable for afforestation in areas exposed to intermittent flooding.